This paper describes in detail the organic fluorescent probes targeting bacterial surfaces, cell walls, bacterial proteins, nucleic acids and bacterial enzymes.
The cationic nature of heptamethine cyanines gives them the capacity to form aggregates with salts by electrostatic interactions. In this work, NaCl promoted J-aggregate formation of aza-coating heptamethine cyanines is explored. NaCl can induce the N-benzyloxycarbonyl Cy-CO 2 Bz to assemble into a J-aggregate having an absorption at 890 nm. Its excellent fluorescence response to NaCl implies that it has great potential for use as a probe for tracing salt stress in plants. Moreover, NaCl also promotes formation of Jaggregates from the N-ethyloxycarbonyl Cy-CO 2 Et. The aggregate shows an intense absorption at 910 nm compared to the monomer which absorbs at 766 nm. Its J-aggregated form can serve as a photothermal agent. And the photothermal conversion efficiency is increased from 29.37 % to 57.59 %. This effort leads to the development of two applications of new cyanine Jaggregates including one for tracing salt stress of plants and the other for promoting photothermal therapy of tumors.
Organic
fluorescent dyes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE)
property have an extensive application range, especially in the fields
of imaging, labeling, and adjusting microprocesses in aggregated environments.
In particular, the thienoisoindigo skeleton, which exhibits an outstanding
electron-withdrawing capacity in optoelectronic materials, has been
defined as a promising AIE candidate. For instance, by installing
AIE blocks or other rotatable groups at two terminal sites, such as
various arylamine groups, thienoisoindigo derivatives can be efficiently
turned to be functional AIE structures. In this work, a thienoisoindigo
derivative with AIE characteristics, namely, TII-TPE,
was developed. This AIE system was expanded by linking typical AIE
fragments, namely, tetraphenylethene, with the proposed thienoisoindigo
derivative, which exhibited typical AIE fluorescence in the 600–850
nm range and maintained high photostability. Then, employing the reported
derivative TII-TPA coating thienoisoindigo and triphenylamine
as a contrast, aggregated TII-TPE and TII-TPA nanoparticles were prepared and demonstrated photothermal conversion
efficiencies of 36.2 and 35.6%, respectively. Moreover, both nanoparticles
were evaluated as photothermal therapeutic (PTT) agents in a tumor
mouse model, which showed to significantly inhibit tumor growth after
four treatment cycles in vivo. This work not only presents an enriched
thienoisoindigo system but also provides a pattern for subsequent
construction of functional AIE molecules.
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