“…27 A higher or lower level of ATP causes symptoms such as hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, and Parkinson's disease, 28,29 whereas an elevated level of ATP is associated with various malignant tumors. 30 Several analytical methods, such as electrochemistry, 31 electrochemiluminescence, 32 surface-enhanced Raman scattering, 33 colorimetry, 34,35 and fluorimetry, [36][37][38] have been developed for ATP recognition. [39][40][41][42] Most of these ATP biosensors relied on the use of a specific aptamer, which can scarcely discriminate ATP from adenosine monophosphate (AMP).…”