Fluorescent nanostructures obtained from small organic molecules or generated from supramolecular assembly of various functional π- conjugated molecules have concerned significant importance due to their potential applications in colour tunable...

Development of drug carriers, which can chaperone xenobiotics directly to their site of action, is an essential step for the advancement of precision medicine. Cationic nanoparticles can be used as a drug delivery platform for various agents including chemotherapeutics, oligonucleotides, and antibodies. Self-assembly of short peptides facilitates the formation of well-defined nanostructures suitable for drug delivery, and varying the polarity of the self-assembly medium changes the nature of noncovalent interactions in such a way as to generate numerous unique nanostructures. Here, we have synthesized an ultrashort cell-penetrating tetrapeptide (sequence Lys-Val-Ala-Val), with Lys as a cationic amino acid, and studied the self-assembly property of the BOC-protected (L1) and -deprotected (L2) analogues. Spherical assemblies obtained from L1/L2 in a 1:1 aqueous ethanol system have the ability to encapsulate small molecules and successfully enter into cells, thus representing them as potential candidates for intracellular drug delivery. To verify the efficacy of these peptides in the facilitation of drug efficacy, we generated encapsulated versions of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox). L1- and L2-encapsulated Dox (Dox-L1 and Dox-L2), similar to the unencapsulated drug, induced upregulation of regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6) and Gβ5, the critical mediators of ATM/p53-dependent apoptosis in Dox-treated cancer cells. Further, Dox-L1/L2 damaged DNA, triggered oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, compromised cell viability, and induced apoptosis. The ability of Dox-L1 to mediate cell death could be ameliorated via knockdown of either RGS6 or Gβ5, comparable to the results obtained with the unencapsulated drug. These data provide an important proof of principle, identifying L1/L2 as drug delivery matrices.

Self-assembly of molecular building blocks is a simple and useful approach to generate supramolecular structures with varied morphologies and functions. By studying the chemical properties of the building blocks and...

The development of chemosensors for selective detection of specific biologically important analytes continues to be of great attention in contemporary analytical chemistry. Among the several biologically important analytes, selective detection...

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Computer games are an increasingly popular application for Artificial Intelligence(AI) research. This paper discusses some of the most interesting components and challenges faced by developers in designing and creation of a game based on artificial intelligence. Game AI provides players a richer gaming experience by going beyond scripted interactions, responsive interaction systems that are adaptive and intelligent.

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A channel filter has been designed for Digital Down converter (DDC),that meets the standard of WiMAX in wireless communication. WiMAX is a technology emerging in the wireless communication system, in order to enhance the broadband wireless internet access. Digital Up Converter (DUC) and Digital Down Converter (DDC) are integral part of WiMAX system, that results in efficient low cost WiMAX system. In order to fulfill the spectral requirement of bandwidth reduction, effective spectral leakage and eliminating interference from adjacent channels, in WiMAX system, DDC and DUC utilizes a channel filter for pulse shaping. Channel Filter in DDC applies pulse shaping to attenuate any out of band energy in the baseband data after decimation. The raised cosine filter and Gaussian filters are the most common pulse-shaping filters in communications systems. In present paper raised cosine filter technique and Gaussian filter is utilizes and compared for designing and analysis of channel filter using MATLAB.