Fluid forces on kayak paddle blades of different design

Sumner, D.; Sprigings, Eric J.; Bugg, J. D.; Heseltine, J. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02844156

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In order to compare the fluid dynamic characteristics of different oar blade designs, it is therefore appropriate to calculate and compare the force coefficients in order to discount any influence of relative fluid velocity, fluid density, and blade size. Caplan and Gardner (2005) presented a method for determining the force coefficients of model oar blades in a water flume using a quasi-static approach similar to that used in both swimming and kayaking research (Berger et al, 1995;Sumner et al, 2003). It was shown that the data was independent of Reynolds number above 9.44 x 10 4 (Caplan & Gardner, 2006) which agreed well with previously published data (Berger et al, 1995;Bixler & Riewald, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Optimization of oar blade design for improved performance in rowing

Caplan

Gardner

2007

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Optimization of oar blade design for improved performance in rowing

Caplan

Gardner

2007

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…Further studies on the effects of the dynamic blade motion (high pitch rates) and the water surface on the drag and lift coefficients on specific blade designs can increase the accuracy of the forces determined; however, this study produces a general view of the changes in force throughout a stroke. [4][5][6][7] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most sprint canoe blades are either essentially flat or have only very small amounts of vertical and spanwise camber. The data used include the kayakbased flat-plate data of Sumner et al [5], who proposed that the drag coefficients of a flat plate with an aspect ratio of 0.38 (very similar to a canoe blade) can be modelled as…”

Section: Force Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force analysis of a sprint canoe blade

Morgoch

Tullis

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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The motion of a sprint canoe blade through the water is extrapolated from video analysis of the paddle handle motion and used to approximate the forces acting on the blade throughout a stroke. Frame analysis of the video provides the displacement of the blade, and consequently the water velocity and angle of attack at both the top and bottom of the blade. Based on a quasi-steady approach, the relative velocities and angles of attack are used to approximate the lift and drag forces acting on the blade, which are then decomposed into propulsive and vertical forces. Lift forces on the blade contribute significantly to both propulsive and vertical forces. The different flows and forces in the three phases of the stroke: catch, draw, and exit, can be seen. The end of the catch phase experiences large propulsive and small upward vertical forces. During the draw phase there is a strong propulsive force, with evidence of a double peak. The vertical force steadily declines and becomes negative as the horizontal angle becomes greater than 90°, and reaches large negative values at the end of the draw. During the exit phase both the propulsive and vertical forces approach zero.

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“…One common mistake in the catch stage was that the blade entered the water rapidly in the horizontal direction, and slowly in the vertical direction. It looked as though the blade was "slapping" the water, causing dominant drag and inadequate lift [Sumner et al, 2003;Sanders, 1998]. In addition, the slapping created a strong impact, which would shock the body and cause deformation of motion.…”

Section: Forward Stroke Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Biomechanical Information Acquisition and Evaluation for Kayaking Events

Jing-min

Sun

et al. 2009

Int. J. Inf. Acquisition

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Intensive understanding of sports biomechanical principles is an essential issue for sprint kayaking. In recent years, the authors have studied the acquisition of biomechanical information and the evaluation of competitive ability on sprint kayaking. In this study, first, an oar force sensor was developed to detect the stroke forces applied by paddler. The sensor was attached to a paddle with minimum mechanical involvement, hence the mechanical properties of the paddle was not changed. Second, an on-water instrument of biomechanical information acquisition was developed to detect stroke force, stroke frequency, stroke power, kayak speed, and acceleration synchronously. Third, 12 evaluation factors for kayaking ability were proposed based on the factor analysis. The 12 factors include (1) the stroke rate; (2) the speed fluctuation; (3 and 4) the hull pose (L/R); (5 and 6) the stroke force (L/R); (7 and 8) the endurance (L/R); (9 and 10) the stroke technique (L/R); (11 and 12) and the stroke rhythm (L/R). Finally, the stroke rate and the forward stoke technique was analyzed briefly.

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Fluid forces on kayak paddle blades of different design

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Optimization of oar blade design for improved performance in rowing

Optimization of oar blade design for improved performance in rowing

Force analysis of a sprint canoe blade

Sports Biomechanical Information Acquisition and Evaluation for Kayaking Events

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