Force analysis of a sprint canoe blade

Abstract

The motion of a sprint canoe blade through the water is extrapolated from video analysis of the paddle handle motion and used to approximate the forces acting on the blade throughout a stroke. Frame analysis of the video provides the displacement of the blade, and consequently the water velocity and angle of attack at both the top and bottom of the blade. Based on a quasi-steady approach, the relative velocities and angles of attack are used to approximate the lift and drag forces acting on the blade, which are then decomposed into propulsive and vertical forces. Lift forces on the blade contribute significantly to both propulsive and vertical forces. The different flows and forces in the three phases of the stroke: catch, draw, and exit, can be seen. The end of the catch phase experiences large propulsive and small upward vertical forces. During the draw phase there is a strong propulsive force, with evidence of a double peak. The vertical force steadily declines and becomes negative as the horizontal angle becomes greater than 90°, and reaches large negative values at the end of the draw. During the exit phase both the propulsive and vertical forces approach zero.

Kayak blade–hull interactions: A body force approach for self-propelled simulations

“…[8][9][10] A lack of agreement between CFD methods was attributed to the lack of free surface in the CFD simulations. The importance of free surface effects and unsteady motion on blade forces was Fluid Structure Interactions Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK demonstrated through CFD and experimental simulations of oar blades in rowing.…”

“…Research has also been conducted into blade designs in paddle sports, including experimental, analytical and CFD studies. 8 –10 A lack of agreement between CFD methods was attributed to the lack of free surface in the CFD simulations. The importance of free surface effects and unsteady motion on blade forces was demonstrated through CFD and experimental simulations of oar blades in rowing.…”

The Technical Parameters of the Creation Process for Kayak Paddles as a Sport Product

“…Rowing sport is analysed in the works of the following authors: Sotiriadou et al (2014) study explores the elite sport policy interrelationships of Sprint Canoe in order to explain the dynamic links between policies and how they may affect performance (5); Diafas et al (2006) analyzed the weather conditions during August and September in the past 10-13 years in the Schinias area where the Olympic Rowing and Canoe-Kayak Regattas were held (6). According to Morgoch and Tullis (2011) the motion of a sprint canoe blade through the water is extrapolated from video analysis of the paddle handle motion and used to approximate the forces acting on the blade throughout a stroke (7). Authors frame analysis of the video provides the displacement of the blade, and consequently the water velocity and angle of attack at both the top and bottom of the blade.…”

“…According to Trabal (2008), sport and science share the same ideal: to continually transcend the limits of the human being. Most research analyzing problems of kayak paddle appliance in rowing sport is concentrating to hydrodynamic, technical solutions, their modeling (1,2,7,11) . Banks et al (2013) empathized the significance of kayak paddle design in sprint event.…”

Detailed On-Water Measurements of Blade Forces and Stroke Efficiencies in Sprint Canoe

“…The objective here is to provide a full measurement of all of the blade forces and moments using a 6 degree-of-freedom load cell for race-like sprint canoe strokes. With the full force information and measurements of blade orientation through a stroke, a decomposition of the forces into propulsive and other components can be done similar to that developed by Morgoch and Tullis [7], which was based solely on blade path analysis. Various measures of instantaneous and stroke average efficiency measures can also be developed.…”