Flow injection analysis of picric acid explosive using a copper electrode as electrochemical detector

Abstract

A simple and fast electrochemical method for quantitative analysis of picric acid explosive (nitro-explosive) based on its electrochemical reduction at copper surfaces is reported. To achieve a higher sample throughput, the electrochemical sensor was adapted in a flow injection system. Under optimal experimental conditions, the peak current response increases linearly with picric acid concentration over the range of 20-300 μmol L(-1). The repeatability of the electrode response in the flow injection analysis (FIA) configuration was evaluated as 3% (n=10), and the detection limit of the method was estimated to be 6.0 μmol L(-1) (S/N=3). The sample throughput under optimised conditions was estimated to be 550 samples h(-1). Peroxide explosives like triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) were tested as potential interfering substances for the proposed method, and no significant interference by these explosives was noticed. The proposed method has interesting analytical parameters, environmental applications, and low cost compared with other electroanalytical methods that have been reported for the quantification of picric acid. Additionally, the possibility to develop an in situ device for the detection of picric acid using a disposable sensor was evaluated.

Single‐Step Reagentless Laser Scribing Fabrication of Electrochemical Paper‐Based Analytical Devices

“…[32] Electrochemical sensing of picric acid was performed using differential pulse voltammetry to obtain better wave definition of the voltammetric signals and to improve sensitivity in the concentration range 0.48-2.0 mmol L À1 . [33] In conclusion, we report an ew approach to fabricate electrochemical paper-based analytical devices using CO 2 laser scribing to pattern carbon nanostructured electrodes on the surface of paperboard. Ther eduction wave at the lowest potential (À0.15 V) corresponds to the formation of aradical anion species.…”

“…Ther eduction wave at the lowest potential (À0.15 V) corresponds to the formation of aradical anion species. [33] In conclusion, we report an ew approach to fabricate electrochemical paper-based analytical devices using CO 2 laser scribing to pattern carbon nanostructured electrodes on the surface of paperboard. Our method allows the costeffective fabrication of LS-ePADs from commercially available,c heap paperboard and aC O 2 laser cutter,w ithout additional reagents or control of the fabrication environment.…”

Electrochemical Sensor and Biosensors

“…17 The electrochemical sensors are adaptable also to flow injection systems that have the advantages of high sample throughput. 18 One of the main challenges faced nowadays by the analytical chemist is the development of methods that respond to the growing need to perform rapid "in situ" analyses. The advancement in miniaturization and microfabrication technology has led to the development of sensitive and selective electrochemical devices for fieldbased and in situ environmental monitoring.…”

Quantification of picric acid on nanosphere polypyrrole modified electrode by stripping voltammetric method

“…Venkatramaiah et al, have successfully developed a fluorescent chemosensor based on fluoranthene for the detection of picric acid, in which static fluorescence quenching is the dominant process by intercalative interactions between fluoranthene and nitroaromatics [6]. Junqueira et al, have reported an electrochemical method for quantitative analysis of picric acid explosive based on its electrochemical reduction at copper surfaces [7]. Parham et al, have reported a spectrophotometric method for removal, preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of picric acid in water samples [8].…”