Floral biology and reproductive isolation by floral scent in three sympatric aroid species in French Guiana

Hentrich, Heiko; Kaiser, Roman; Gottsberger, Gerhard

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00256.x

Cited by 23 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Rewarding mutualisms in Araceae are pollination interactions that involve a food reward, such as stigmatic exudates, small amounts of nectar (Vogel and Martens ; Diaz and Kite ), or liquid floral perfume for male euglossine bees (Hentrich et al. , ). Mating/oviposition site mutualisms involve flies or beetles that mate or oviposit in the inflorescences (Gibernau et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Pollinator-Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae

2013

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Interactions between a plant and its pollinators exert great influence on its morphological and physiological adaptations. To the extent that such adaptations are evolutionarily conservative, they can be traced on a phylogeny at least if traits can be unambiguously coded and species are reasonably densely represented in the phylogeny. Studies using historic reconstructions have inferred the evolution of long-tubed flowers adapted to pollinators with long mouthparts (Whittall and Hodges 2007), radial or bisymmetric flowers adapted to different pollinators (Knapp 2010), or perfume-producing flowers adapted to oil-collecting bees (Renner and Schaefer 2010). In orchids, it has also been possible to infer evolutionary shifts between different types of mimicry and deception (Vereecken et al. 2012) and between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems (Johnson et al. 2013). Such shifts between antagonistic and mutualistic pollination interactions are of interest because theory predicts that mutualistic interactions are vulnerable to cheaters (Bronstein 2001). Over evolutionary time, this is expected to lead to the repeated replacement of mutualistic interactions by interactions in which plants deceive their pollinators by attracting them to consistently rewardless flowers. Yet of the 415 families of flowerings plants, only 32 have evolved pollination modes that rely on deceit (Renner 2006). Quantitatively most important among these families are the Orchidaceae, in which thousands of species are thought to rely on deceptive pollination, often involving sexual deception. The first phylogenetic studies addressing evolutionary transitions between deceptive and rewarding pollination in orchids, however, revealed unexpected results. Thus, in the Orchidinae, the ancestral state seems to have been bee-pollinated, food-deceptive flowers, with sexual deception evolving later (Inda et al. 2012),

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Pollinator-Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae

2013

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“…Schiestl & Ayasse, ; Xu et al ., ) and within other plant families (e.g. Waelti et al ., ; Hentrich et al ., ), and floral morphologies such as flower size (e.g. Schemske & Bradshaw, ), orientation and spur length (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral isolation is the major reproductive barrier between a pair of rewarding orchid sister species

Sun

Schlüter

Gross

et al. 2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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The crucial role of reproductive isolation in speciation has long been recognized; however, a limited number of studies quantify different isolation barriers and embed reproductive isolation in a phylogenetic context. In this study, we investigate reproductive isolation between the often sympatrically occurring orchid species, Gymnadenia conopsea and G. odoratissima. We examine the phylogenetic relationship between the two species and analyse floral isolation, fruit set and seed viability from interspecies crosses, as well as the ploidy level. Additionally, we quantify interspecies differences in floral signals and morphology. The results suggest that the two species have a sisterspecies relationship. In terms of reproductive isolation, we found complete floral isolation between the two species, but little to no post-pollination isolation; the species also mostly had the same ploidy level in the studied populations. We also show clear distinctions in floral signals, as well as in floral size and spur length. We propose that respective adaptation to shortvs. long-tongued pollinators was the driver of speciation in the here studied Gymnadenia species. Our study supports the key role of floral isolation in orchid speciation and shows that floral isolation is not restricted to highly specialized pollination systems, but can also occur between species with less specialized pollination.

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“…In some plant species, it has been highly suspected or shown that floral odours are the main attractive cues. Such is the case, for example, in the very specialized interactions between fig and fig wasps (Gibernau ), orchids and male bees (Schiestl & Schlüter ), yucca and yucca moth (Svensson, Pellmyr & Raguso ) or Araceae and euglossine bees (Hentrich, Kaiser & Gottsberger ). This is also the case for flowers attracting pollinators at dusk or during the night, when visual cues are poorly informative (Maia et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variations of odour and pollinators, and test for local adaptation by reciprocal transplant of twoEuropeanArumspecies

et al. 2013

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Summary 1.Interactions between entomophilous plants and their pollinators are one of the major factors shaping the evolution of floral features. As species are distributed in more or less connected populations, they have evolved in a geographical mosaic of co-evolution were the outcome of the plant-pollinator interaction is likely to vary as a result of local adaptations. 2. Arum italicum and Arum maculatum are two species of Araceae which deceive their fly pollinators by mimicking the odour of their oviposition sites. Whereas A. italicum is known to be pollinated by flies belonging to different families (i.e. opportunist), A. maculatum relies on only two pollinating species of the family Psychodidae throughout its European repartition area (i.e. specialist). 3. The interannual and geographical variations of pollinators and pollinator-attractive odours were described in several populations of the two species over two consecutive years. Furthermore, local adaptation to pollinators was tested by transplanting inflorescence-bearing plants between two different sites and by recording the number and composition of the insect fauna trapped inside the inflorescences during anthesis as a measure of a fitness component. 4. Pollinators and pollinator-attractive odours of the two Arum species varied in time and space, but there was no clear odour structure between populations. When transplanted, inflorescences of both species trapped the same composition and number of insects as native inflorescences at a given site; this indicates that pollinator composition is highly dependent on the local availability of insects. 5. No pattern of local adaptation was found for these two species, but local pollination conditions were shown to strongly affect the degree of geographical variations of these interactions. The lack of a clear odour geographical structure might be due to high gene flow or to similar selective pressures exerted by pollinators, and the high interindividual odour variation may be linked to the deceptive strategy adopted by the two plant species.

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Floral biology and reproductive isolation by floral scent in three sympatric aroid species in French Guiana

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

The Evolution of Pollinator-Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae

The Evolution of Pollinator-Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae

Floral isolation is the major reproductive barrier between a pair of rewarding orchid sister species

Geographical variations of odour and pollinators, and test for local adaptation by reciprocal transplant of twoEuropeanArumspecies

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