Flexible use of source information: Processing components of the inconsistency effect in person memory

Ehrenberg, Katja; Klauer, Karl Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2004.08.001

Cited by 42 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…These results were supported by Sherman and Bessenoff (1999) and by Cook et al (2003). However, several studies contradict these findings and report a schema-bias on source identification even though the schema information was provided at encoding (Bayen et al, 2000, Experiment 1; Ehrenberg & Klauer, 2005; Klauer & Ehrenberg, 2005; Mather et al, 1999). …”

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confidence: 75%

“…In recent years, a number of empirical studies found evidence that prior knowledge may influence source judgments (Bayen, Nakamura, Dupuis, & Yang, 2000; Cook, Marsh, & Hicks, 2003; Dodson, Darragh, & Williams, 2008; Ehrenberg & Klauer, 2005; Hicks & Cockman, 2003; Klauer & Ehrenberg, 2005; Marsh, Cook, & Hicks, 2006; Mather, Johnson, & DeLeonardis, 1999; Sherman & Bessenoff, 1999; Spaniol & Bayen, 2002). In these studies, items originated from sources for which they were either expected (e.g., a doctor talking about a surgery) or less expected (e.g., a doctor talking about a court trial).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influences of source–item contingency and schematic knowledge on source monitoring: Tests of the probability-matching account

Bayen

Kuhlmann

2011

Journal of Memory and Language

139

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The authors investigated conditions under which judgments in source-monitoring tasks are influenced by prior schematic knowledge. According to a probability-matching account of source guessing (Spaniol & Bayen, 2002), when people do not remember the source of information, they match source guessing probabilities to the perceived contingency between sources and item types. When they do not have a representation of a contingency, they base their guesses on prior schematic knowledge. The authors provide support for this account in two experiments with sources presenting information that was expected for one source and somewhat unexpected for another. Schema-relevant information about the sources was provided at the time of encoding. When contingency perception was impeded by dividing attention, participants showed schema-based guessing (Experiment 1). Manipulating source - item contingency also affected guessing (Experiment 2). When this contingency was schema-inconsistent, it superseded schema-based expectations and led to schema-inconsistent guessing.

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confidence: 75%

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confidence: 99%

Influences of source–item contingency and schematic knowledge on source monitoring: Tests of the probability-matching account

Bayen

Kuhlmann

2011

Journal of Memory and Language

139

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“…Furthermore, studies have shown that prior knowledge influences source guessing (Bayen, Nakamura, Dupuis, & Yang, 2000;Ehrenberg & Klauer, 2005;Spaniol & Bayen, 2002). Thus, there is support for the idea that source guessing can be based on learned contingencies about specific sources or on more general prior knowledge about sources, as suggested by the probability-matching account.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Probability matching has been observed in source monitoring (e.g., Bayen & Kuhlmann, 2011;Erdfelder & Bredenkamp, 1998) and in other tasks, such as oldnew recognition (e.g., Buchner, Erdfelder, & VaterrodtPlünnecke, 1995;Ehrenberg & Klauer, 2005) and human choice behavior (e.g., Estes & Straughan, 1954). Furthermore, studies have shown that prior knowledge influences source guessing (Bayen, Nakamura, Dupuis, & Yang, 2000;Ehrenberg & Klauer, 2005;Spaniol & Bayen, 2002).…”

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confidence: 98%

Hierarchical modeling of contingency-based source monitoring: A test of the probability-matching account

et al. 2012

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“…Second, even with explicitly labelled, clearly distinct sources, pronounced effects are mostly found under poor memory-encoding or -retrieval conditions. For instance, biases are strongest among older adults (Mather et al, 1999), or when subjects experience high cognitive load during encoding or retrieval (Ehrenberg & Klauer, 2005;Sherman & Bessenoff, 1999). Third, it has been shown that source attribution biases are most pronounced when information about the sources is available at retrieval but not during encoding (Cook et al, 2003;Hicks & Cockman, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Look who's talking! Facial appearance can bias source monitoring

Nash

Bryer

Schlaghecken

2010

Memory

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When we see a stranger's face, we quickly form impressions of his or her personality, and expectations of how the stranger might behave. Might these intuitive character judgments bias source monitoring? Subjects read headlines 'reported' by a trustworthy-and an untrustworthy-looking reporter. Subsequently, subjects recalled which reporter provided each headline. Source memory for likely-sounding headlines was most accurate when a trustworthy-looking reporter had provided the headlines. Conversely, source memory for unlikely-sounding headlines was most accurate when an untrustworthy-looking reporter had provided the headlines. This bias appeared to be driven by the use of decision criteria during retrieval rather than differences in memory encoding. Nevertheless, the bias was apparently unrelated to variations in subjective confidence. These results show for the first time that intuitive, stereotyped judgments of others' appearance can bias memory attributions analogously to the biases that occur when people receive explicit information to distinguish sources. We suggest possible real-life consequences of these stereotype-driven source monitoring biases.

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Flexible use of source information: Processing components of the inconsistency effect in person memory

Cited by 42 publications

References 48 publications

Influences of source–item contingency and schematic knowledge on source monitoring: Tests of the probability-matching account

Influences of source–item contingency and schematic knowledge on source monitoring: Tests of the probability-matching account

Hierarchical modeling of contingency-based source monitoring: A test of the probability-matching account

Look who's talking! Facial appearance can bias source monitoring

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