Flexible hardware‐in‐the‐loop testbed for cyber physical power system simulation

Tong, Heqin; Ni, Ming; Zhao, Lili; Li, Manli

doi:10.1049/iet-cps.2019.0001

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In [15], a CPS testbed was built on top of an earlier version of the large-scale testbed (LTB) to simulate wide-area sophisticated replay attacks using PMUs, where the physical layer simulates power system dynamics, the network's physical layer is equipped with measurement devices and actuators, the communication emulation layer creates the software-defined networks (SDN) for data transmission, and the application layer consists of traffic monitoring and cyberattack defense. In [16], a multi-objective comprehensive testbed is presented. This system uses real-time power system simulators with fiber and ethernet networks to test smart and distributed management control.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HIL concept uses the real-time capability of the OPAL-RT simulator to both send the model's measurements and receive signals from external monitoring, control, and protection devices [16]. In an electrical power systems environment, this information exchange can emulate the performance of a power substation, where RTUs are responsible for aggregating analog signals measured by CTs and PTs, sending them to the SCADA system through a communication protocol.…”

Section: Hardware Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Testbed for Power System Cyber-Physical Operations Training

Chamana,

Bhatta,

Schmitt

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The increased adoption of information and communication technology for smart grid applications will require innovative cyber–physical system (CPS) testbeds to support research and education in the field. Groundbreaking CPS testbeds with realistic and scalable platforms have progressively gained interest in recent years, with electric power flowing in the physical layer and information flowing in the network layer. However, CPSs are critical infrastructures and not designed for testing or direct training, as any misbehaving in an actual system operation could cause a catastrophic impact on its operation. Based on that, it is not easy to efficiently train professionals in CPSs. Aiming to support the advancement and encourage the training of industry professionals, this paper proposes and develops a complete testbed using a real-time simulator, protection and automation devices, and a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. The testbed replicated the performance of smart grids, and the main potential cyber threats that electric grids may face. Different case scenarios include a distribution system protection study, a denial of service (DoS) attack, a jamming attack, a network packet manipulation attack, a sensor data manipulation attack, a false trip command attack, etc. The system’s performance before and after the cyberattacks are studied using packet-sniffing tools and a network packet analyzer. The impact on the grid is analyzed using metrics such as voltage oscillation, frequency deviation, and loss of active power generation. Moreover, the complex interdependencies between the cyber and physical domains are discussed in detail, providing insightful guidelines for key features and design decisions for future smart grid testbeds.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardware Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Testbed for Power System Cyber-Physical Operations Training

Chamana,

Bhatta,

Schmitt

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bassey et al (2017) implement wide-area control in a testbed composed of RTDS and NS-3 for interarea oscillation damping control. Tong et al (2019) present a CPS testbed design with HIL and non-real-time synchronization techniques as a workaround for subsystems running in non-real-time. In addition, Cui et al (2019) propose a four-layer communication-in-the-loop Large-Scale Testbed with the emphasis on modeling the networked component layer that interacts with the physical and the network layers.…”

Section: Cpps Testbed Implementations and Verificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power electronics‐interfaced cyber‐physical power systems: A review on modeling, simulation, and cybersecurity

Cui

Zhang

Tomsovic

et al. 2022

WIREs Energy & Environment

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We present the review of two interlinked challenges in modern electric power systems: the transformation to a cyber‐physical system, and the integration of power electronics‐interfaced renewables. Electric power systems are being modernized with the integration of power electronics‐interfaced devices (PEID) and communication‐enabled cyber‐applications. This paper reviews the concepts, studies, and testbeds for cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS), as well as the modeling of power electronics‐based devices for physical power system stability simulations. The CPPS concept is introduced in the National Institute of Standard Technology framework for cyber‐physical systems, with an emphasis on CPPS subsystems. For the physical subsystem, PEID components are generalized into the primary source and the grid interface, while controllers are generalized as a reference generator and a reference tracker. Next, the cybersecurity research objectives are summarized, followed by a categorization of CPPS studies. Further, testbed techniques for integrating communication networks with power system simulation are reviewed. Also, challenges and future directions in the area of CPPS are discussed. This article is categorized under: Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure

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“…To achieve real-time power system simulation, the commercial simulator RT-LAB was utilized; thus the implementation details of the entire co-simulator are absent. In [18] and [19], the hybrid hardware and software platforms are applied: the communication network simulation ran on the OPNET software simulator on PC computers, while the real-time power system simulation was conducted on the RTDS hardware simulator. The interface design between the two different platforms (dedicated hardware and PC software) is even more complicated with loss of generality.…”

Section: R E a D O N L Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

RTCE: Real-Time Co-Emulation Framework for EMT-Based Power System and Communication Network on FPGA-MPSoC Hardware Architecture

Duan

Huang

Dinavahi

2021

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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With the expansion of smart grid infrastructure world-wide, modeling the interaction between power systems and communication networks becomes paramount and has created a new challenge of co-simulating the two domains before commissioning. Existing co-simulation methods mostly concentrate on the off-line software-level interface design to synchronize messages between the simulators of both domains. Instead of simulating in software with a large latency, this article proposes a novel real-time co-emulation (RTCE) framework on FPGA-MPSoC based hardware architecture for a more practical emulation of real-world cyber-physical systems. The discrete-time based power system electromagnetic transient (EMT) emulation is executed in programmable hardware units so that the transient-level behaviour can be captured in real-time, while the discrete-event based communication network emulation is modeled in abstraction-level or directly executed on the hardware PHY and network ports of the FPGA-MPSoC platform, which can perform the communication networking in real-time. The data exchange between two domains is handled within each platform with an extremely low latency, which is sufficiently fast for real-time interaction; and the multi-board scheme is deployed to practically emulate the communication between different power system areas. The hardware resource cost and emulation latency for the test system and case studies are evaluated to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed RTCE framework.

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Flexible hardware‐in‐the‐loop testbed for cyber physical power system simulation

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

An Integrated Testbed for Power System Cyber-Physical Operations Training

An Integrated Testbed for Power System Cyber-Physical Operations Training

Power electronics‐interfaced cyber‐physical power systems: A review on modeling, simulation, and cybersecurity

RTCE: Real-Time Co-Emulation Framework for EMT-Based Power System and Communication Network on FPGA-MPSoC Hardware Architecture

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