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Load frequency control has been used for decades in power systems. Traditionally, this has been a centralized control by area with communication over a dedicated and closed network. New regulatory guidelines allow for competitive markets to supply this load frequency control. In order to allow an effective market operation, an open communication infrastructure is needed to support an increasing complex system of controls. While such a system has great advantage in terms of cost and reliability, the possibility of communication signal delays and other problems must be carefully analyzed. This paper presents a load frequency control method based on linear matrix inequalities. The primary aim is to find a robust controller that can ensure good performance despite indeterminate delays and other problems in the communication network.

The traditional unit commitment and economic dispatch approaches with deterministic spinning reserve requirements are inadequate given the intermittency and unpredictability of wind power generation. Alternative power system scheduling methods capable of aggregating the uncertainty of wind power, while maintaining reliable and economic performance, need to be investigated. In this paper, a probabilistic model of security-constrained unit commitment is proposed to minimize the cost of energy, spinning reserve and possible loss of load. A new formulation of expected energy not served considering the probability distribution of forecast errors of wind and load, as well as outage replacement rates of various generators is presented. The proposed method is solved by mixed integer linear programming. Numerical simulations on the IEEE Reliability Test System show the effectiveness of the method. The relationships of uncertainties and required spinning reserves are verified.Index Terms-Expected energy not served (EENS), mixed integer linear programming (MILP), reliability, security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC), spinning reserve, wind power.

Recent improvements in fuel cell technology along with an increasing demand for small generator units have led to renewed interest in dispersed generation units. This work demonstrates a methodology for deploying dispersed fuel cell generators throughout a power system to allow for more efficient operation. A detailed study of the system losses and sensitivities on Eastern Washington system as part of the larger WSCC system has been completed. This work presents an algorithm to determine the near optimal, with respect to system losses, placement of these units on the power grid. Further, the impacts of dispersed generation at the distribution level are performed with an emphasis on resistive losses, and capacity savings. The results show the importance of placement for minimizing losses and maximizing capacity savings.