Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Oregano: Occurrence, Biological Activity and Health Benefits

Gutiérrez‐Grijalva, Erick P.; Picos-Salas, Manuel A.; Leyva‐López, Nayely; Criollo-Mendoza, Marilyn S.; Vázquez-Olivo, Gabriela; Heredia, J. Basilio

doi:10.3390/plants7010002

Cited by 179 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Our findings with apigenin in HepG2 are supported by the description of anticarcinogenic characteristics of oregano, which is rich in apigenin and luteolin . Similar to glycosidated apigenin lowering CER in healthy rats and their benign hepatocytes in vitro , in our C2C12, apigenin decreased Degs1 expression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Flavonoids as putative modulators of Δ4‐, Δ5‐, and Δ6‐desaturases: Studies in cultured hepatocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes

et al. 2018

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This study was conducted to screen flavonoids for affecting expression of desaturases involved in omega-3 fatty acid synthesis and ceramide (CER) metabolism. To this end, cultured HepG2 hepatocytes, C2C12 myocytes, and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with nontoxic concentrations of 12 selected flavonoids and expression of Δ4-, Δ5-, and Δ6-desaturases (DEGS1, FADS1, and FADS2, respectively) was determined. The flavonoids tested were more cytotoxic to HepG2 and 3T3-L1 than to C2C12 cells. In HepG2 cells, FADS1 was induced by quercetin and FADS2 expression was increased by daidzein, genistein, and pratensein treatment. DEGS1 was increased by apigenin, luteolin, orobol, and quercetin administration. In differentiated C2C12 cells, substances had no inducing effect or even lowered target gene expression. Pratensein induced both FADS1 and FADS2 in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and DEGS1 was increased by treatment with apigenin, genistein, luteolin, orobol, and quercetin. In conclusion, pratensein may be an interesting test compound for further studies in vitro and in vivo on omega-3 synthesis since it induces its rate-limiting enzyme FADS2. Apigenin, luteolin, orobol, and quercetin induced DEGS1 and thereby possibly synthesis of proapoptotic CER in malignant HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1. In contrast, in benign C2C12 cells, they did not elevate mRNA steady state levels of DEGS1. That may partly explain the higher resistance of C2C12 cells against flavonoids compared to the other cell lines. By affecting tumor cells and nontumor cells differently, these flavonoids may be promising substances for further research regarding anticancer properties. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(5): [485][486][487][488][489][490][491][492][493][494][495] 2018

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Flavonoids as putative modulators of Δ4‐, Δ5‐, and Δ6‐desaturases: Studies in cultured hepatocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes

et al. 2018

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“…In fact, the major phenolic compounds present in Zl fruit are phenolic acids (gallic acid and syringic acid), flavanol(catechin), and flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol) (Hammi et al ). Interestingly, theses flavonoids and phenolic acids have exhibited antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties (Gutierrez‐Grijalva, Picos‐salas, & Leyva‐lopez, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of a polyphenol‐rich extract fromZizyphus lotusL fruit pulp play a protective role against obesity

et al. 2018

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Zizyphus lotus (Zl) is used widely as a source of food and for the treatment of various ailments. Therefore, we investigated the biological activities of Zl against obesity and related disorders. Hence, male Wistar rats received either control diet, high fat diet (HFAD), or HFAD supplemented with the Zl pulp (HFADP) for 14 weeks. RAW 264.7 cells were used for the determination of antiinflammatory activities in vitro. It was observed that HFDP resulted in significantly reduced weight, blood sugar, and oxidative stress than HFAD. In addition, Zl extract co‐treatment with LPS reduced the mRNA expression of MCP‐1, pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, TNF‐α), and increased the level of IL‐10, an antiinflammatory cytokine, in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, nitric oxide synthesis and the expression of iNOS were decreased by Zl extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Zl extract also possessed a significant antioxidant capacity and ferric‐reducing power. Our results validate the traditional use of Zl. Practical applications Zizyphus lotus is commonly used as food in different countries and is easily available. Scientific validation of the traditional use of plants can be significant in the prevention and treatment of different disorders. Naturally occurring products are generally safe to use, have fewer side effects, and can be self‐administered. Hence, specialized health‐care supervision is not necessary. Our study supports the traditional use of Zizyphus lotus to prevent and decrease obesity and related disorders.

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“…Polyphenols are classified by their source of origin, biological function, and chemical structure . According to the chemical structure and the presence of functional groups, polyphenols are generally classified as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic amides . Benzoic acid and cinnamic acid are the most important examples of phenolic acids.…”

Section: Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinesterase targeting by polyphenols: A therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

2018

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by excessive deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), comprising of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. The cholinergic system has been suggested as the earliest and most affected molecular mechanism that describes AD pathophysiology. Moreover, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are the potential class of drugs that can amplify cholinergic activity to improve cognition and global performance and reduce psychiatric and behavioral disturbances. Approximately, 60%-80% of all cases of dementia in the world are patients with AD. In view of the continuous rise of this disease especially in the aged population, there is a dire need to come up with a novel compound and/or mixture that could work against this devastating disease. In this regard, the best is to rely on natural compounds rather than synthetic ones, because natural compounds are easily available, cost-effective, and comparatively less toxic. To serve this purpose, lately, scientific community has started exploring the possibility of using different polyphenols either solitary or in combination that can serve as therapeutics against AD. In the current article, we have summarized the role of various polyphenols, namely quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, gallocatechins, cinnamic acid, caffeine, and caffeic acid as an inhibitor of cholinesterase for the treatment of AD. We have also tried to uncover the mechanistic insight on the action of these polyphenols against AD pathogenicity.

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Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Oregano: Occurrence, Biological Activity and Health Benefits

Cited by 179 publications

References 119 publications

Flavonoids as putative modulators of Δ4‐, Δ5‐, and Δ6‐desaturases: Studies in cultured hepatocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes

Flavonoids as putative modulators of Δ4‐, Δ5‐, and Δ6‐desaturases: Studies in cultured hepatocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes

Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of a polyphenol‐rich extract fromZizyphus lotusL fruit pulp play a protective role against obesity

Cholinesterase targeting by polyphenols: A therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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