Flavobacterium haoranii sp. nov., a cypermethrin-degrading bacterium isolated from a wastewater treatment system

Abstract

A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, yellow-pigmented bacterium, strain LQY-7 T , was isolated from activated sludge treating synthetic pyrethroid-manufacturing wastewater. The taxonomic status of the strain was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain LQY-7 T was a member of the genus Flavobacterium but had low similarities with other species of this genus (95.0 % similarity with Flavobacterium indicum GPTSA100-9 T and ,94 % similarities with other Flavobacterium species). On the basis of phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain LQY-7 T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium haoranii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is LQY-7 T (5ACCC 05409 T 5KCTC 23008 T ).The genus Flavobacterium was proposed by Bergey et al. (1923) and emended by Bernardet et al. (1996) to include Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacteria that are usually motile by gliding and have a DNA G+C content of 30-41 mol% (Bernardet & Bowman, 2006;Park et al., 2006). At the time of writing, the genus comprised about 60 recognized species isolated from diverse habitats such as fresh-and salt-water, diseased fish, soil, sediment and micromats.Cypermethrin is one of the most important synthetic pyrethroid pesticides and is widely used to control pests in cotton and vegetable crops. However, cypermethrin affects the central nervous system, causes allergic skin reactions, lymph node and spleen damage, and eye irritation. In addition, cypermethrin is highly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms, as well as to bees. It has been classified as 'moderately hazardous' (Class II) by the World Health Organization and considered as a possible human carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Microbes play significant roles in degrading and detoxifying cypermethrin residues in the environment (Kaufman et al., 1981;Roberts & Standen, 1981). In this paper, a cypermethrin-degrading bacterial strain, designated LQY-7 T , was isolated from activated sludge in a synthetic pyrethroid-manufacturing wastewater treatment facility (Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Jiangsu Province, China). The taxonomic status of this strain was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The data obtained suggest that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium.For investigation of morphological features, strain LQY-7 T was cultivated aerobically on trypticase soy agar (TSA; Difco) at 30 u C. Cell morphology and dimensions were examined by light microscopy (BH-2; Olympus) and transmission electron microscopy (H-7650; Hitachi) using cells from an exponentially growing culture. Gram-staining was performed according to the classical Gram procedure (Buck, 1982). Gliding motility, production of flexirubintype pigments and adsorption of Congo red by colonies were investigated by the methods of Bernardet et al. (2002). Growth at various temperatures (4, 10, 15...

Emerging flavobacterial infections in fish: A review

“…Flavobacterium spp. reside in diverse habitats, including freshwater streams, lakes, and sediments (e.g., [111,112] ), deep wells [57] , glaciers and arctic ice (e.g., [113,114] ), plants and plant material (e.g., [115,116] ), soils (e.g., [117] ), freshwater shrimp ponds [118] , marine sediments (e.g., [119] ), seawater (e.g., [120] ), wastewater treatment systems (e.g., [121,122] ), on marine algae (e.g., [123] ), and even within air-conditioning units [79] .…”

Burkholderia jiangsuensis sp. nov., a methyl parathion degrading bacterium, isolated from methyl parathion contaminated soil

“…To date, the genus Burkholderia comprises 83 type strains with validly published names (http:// www.bacterio.net/burkholderia.html), which are widely distributed within diverse natural habitats, including water (Ali Khan & Ahmad, 2006;Zhang et al, 2010), fish (Gao et al, 2013) and soil (Yoo et al, 2007). The genus was first created to accommodate seven species from Pseudomonas rRNA group II (Yabuuchi et al, 1992).…”

Flavobacterium brevivitae sp. nov., isolated from river water

“…Members of the genus are physiologically diverse: they can be psychrophilic, psychrotolerant or mesophilic, and can be halophilic, halotolerant or sensitive to salts. Strains of the genus Flavobacterium have been reported from diverse habitats such as animals, plants, freshwater, seawater, sediment, soils, glaciers, Antarctic lakes and wastewater treatment plants (Weon et al, 2007;Qu et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2010;Lim et al, 2011;Sheu et al, 2011Sheu et al, , 2013Dong et al, 2012Dong et al, , 2013Kämpfer et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2013;Glaeser et al, 2013;Kang et al, 2013;Kuo et al, 2013;Fujii et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014).…”