Flam — A simultaneous source wide azimuth test

Frømyr, Eivind; Cambois, Guillaume; Loyd, Ruth; Kinkead, Jack

doi:10.1190/1.3063931

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Beasley (2008) presented his previous work and showed that the cross-talk noise was attenuated by standard migration and stacking for 2-source supergathers. Fromyr et al (2008) achieved image quality with 2-source shooting similar to that from conventional acquisition in their wide azimuth experiment. Berkhout (2008) extended the simultaneous sources acquisition to blended acquisition and presented his theoretical work; he also showed that standard stacking and migration can suppress the crosstalk noise quite well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The recorded data will be denoted as an N-source supergather. This topic has recently become popular because it reduces the economic cost of seismic acquisition, especially for the cases of VSP, OBC and OBS data acquisition (Akerberg et al, 2008;Beasley, 2008;Berkhout, 2008;Fromyr et al, 2008;Hampson et al, 2008;Huo et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2009;Moore et al, 2008;Spitz et al, 2008). For wide azimuth acquisition, multiple vessels are used, so it is convenient to perform multiple source shooting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many methods have been proposed to separate a supergather into individual shot gathers (Akerberg et al, 2008;Beasley, 2008;Berkhout, 2008;Fromyr et al, 2008;Moore et al, 2008;Spitz et al, 2008). The simplest approach is to perform separation by the standard migration and stacking procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Multi‐source Least‐squares Reverse Time Migration

Dai

Boonyasiriwat

Schuster

2010

SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2010

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SUMMARYWe present the theory and numerical results for least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) of phase-encoded supergathers, where each supergather is the superposition of phasedencoded shots. Three type of encoding functions are used in this study: random time shift, random source polarity and random source location selected from a pre-designed table. Numerical tests for the 3D SEG/EAGE Overthrust model show that multi-source LSRTM can suppress migration artifacts in the migration image and remove most of the crosstalk noise from multi-source data. Empirical results suggest that multisource LSRTM can provide a noticeable increase in computational efficiency compared to standard RTM, when the CSGs in a supergather are modeled and migrated together with a finite-difference simulator. If the phase-encoding functions are dynamically changed after each iteration of LSRTM, the best images are obtained. The potential drawback is that the final results are very sensitive to the accuracy of the starting model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Multi‐source Least‐squares Reverse Time Migration

Dai

Boonyasiriwat

Schuster

2010

SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2010

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“…In this section, the derived method is deployed to a wide‐azimuth data set that was shot in 2006 in the Gulf of Mexico over an area that is characterized by a complex overburden with large scale heterogeneities like salt bodies that cause significant scattering of energy from sub‐salt targets. The Crystal survey covers close to 10 000 km2 over such a complex area (Fromyr et al 2008). The survey geometry is a two‐tile dual source vessel configuration shown in Fig.…”

Section: Gulf Of Mexico Field Data Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

An inversion approach to separating sources in marine simultaneous shooting acquisition – application to a Gulf of Mexico data set

Borselen

Baardman

Martin

et al. 2012

Geophysical Prospecting

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The simultaneous firing of marine sources can provide a significant uplift in terms of acquisition efficiency and data quality enhancement. However, the seismic interference resulting from one or more ‘other’ sources needs to be well understood and the appropriate processing strategies need to be developed for the method to fulfil its promise. In this paper, a modified inversion approach is presented for the effective separation of sources in marine simultaneous shooting acquisition. The method aims to distribute all energy in the simultaneous shot records by reconstructing the individual shot records at their respective locations. The method is applied to a wide azimuth data set acquired in the Gulf of Mexico where two sources out of four in total were fired simultaneously. Results demonstrate that the individual sources can be separated satisfactory, both at the prestack and post‐stack level.

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“…In order to increase the efficiency and/or shot density, various blended or simultaneous source techniques have been proposed (e.g. Beasley, Chambers and Jiang 1998;Berkhout 2008;Frømyr et al 2008;Mueller et al 2016;Robertsson, Amundsen and Sjøen Pedersen 2016;Sjøen Pedersen, Amundsen and Robertsson 2016). Since these methods are still based on discrete shot records, a 'de-blending' is needed in order to construct such records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making the transition from discrete shot records to continuous seismic records and source wavefields, and its potential impact on survey efficiency and environmental footprint

Hegna

Klüver

Lima

et al. 2018

Geophysical Prospecting

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A marine seismic method based on continuous source and receiver wavefields has been developed. The method requires continuous recording of the seismic data. The source that may consist of multiple source elements can emit signals continuously while moving. The ideal source wavefield to be used with this method should be as white as possible both in a temporal and a spatial sense to avoid deep notches in the spectrum enabling a stable multi‐dimensional deconvolution. White noise has such properties. However, equipment that can generate white noise does not exist. In order to generate a continuous source wavefield that is approaching the properties of white noise using existing equipment onboard marine seismic vessels, individual air‐guns can be triggered with short randomized time intervals in a near‐continuous fashion. The main potential benefits with the method are to reduce the environmental impact of marine seismic surveys and to improve acquisition efficiency. The peak sound pressure levels are significantly reduced by triggering one air‐gun at a time compared to conventional marine seismic sources. Sound exposure levels are also reduced in most directions. Since the method is based on continuous recording of seismic data and the air‐guns are triggered based on time and not based on position, there are less vessel speed limitations compared to conventional marine seismic data acquisition. Also, because the source wavefield is spread out in time, the wavefields emitted from source elements in different cross‐line positions can be designed such that the emitted wavefield is spatially white in this direction. This means that source elements in multiple cross‐line positions can be operated simultaneously, potentially improving the cross‐line sampling and/or the acquisition efficiency.

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Flam — A simultaneous source wide azimuth test

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

3D Multi‐source Least‐squares Reverse Time Migration

3D Multi‐source Least‐squares Reverse Time Migration

An inversion approach to separating sources in marine simultaneous shooting acquisition – application to a Gulf of Mexico data set

Making the transition from discrete shot records to continuous seismic records and source wavefields, and its potential impact on survey efficiency and environmental footprint

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