Azokh Cave is located near the village of the same name in the Nagorno-Karabagh region of the southeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus (39°37.09' N and 46°59.19' E, 962 metres-a.s.l.). Azokh Cave and other relevant Acheulian sites in the Caucasus (Fig. 1) were described by Lioubine (2002). Together with Mousterian sites
The simultaneous firing of marine sources can provide a significant uplift in terms of acquisition efficiency and data quality enhancement. However, the seismic interference resulting from one or more ‘other’ sources needs to be well understood and the appropriate processing strategies need to be developed for the method to fulfil its promise.
In this paper, a modified inversion approach is presented for the effective separation of sources in marine simultaneous shooting acquisition. The method aims to distribute all energy in the simultaneous shot records by reconstructing the individual shot records at their respective locations. The method is applied to a wide azimuth data set acquired in the Gulf of Mexico where two sources out of four in total were fired simultaneously. Results demonstrate that the individual sources can be separated satisfactory, both at the prestack and post‐stack level.
In recent years, dual-sensor recording has been introduced to marine seismic acquisition with reported benefits such as the increased bandwidth of the acquired seismic signal, improved signal-to-noise ratios due to deep-tow streamers, and operational efficiency due to an increased weather window.
SUMMARYElectromagnetic (EM) resistivity imaging methods have the potential to map subsurface fluid distribution in applications ranging from derisking potential prospects to quantifying the propagation of hydrofractures in unconventional reservoirs. However, to date EM surveys have been limited to reservoirs too shallow or too large to be of general applicability in the oil industry. The critical technology issues in extending EM methods are: a) generating an adequate subsurface electrical current, and b) the sensitivity and stability of the EM resistivity measurement apparatus.A borehole provides a physical means to contact to deep hydrocarbon formations. To date boreholes have been exploited by lowering a current injection electrode to the depth of interest and completing the electrical circuit with a counter electrode at the surface. This borehole to surface EM method has been successfully used to image oil-to-water contact in an oil reservoir but has the disadvantage that the well must be opened, and, for a producing reservoir, taken off-line. We have now demonstrated a new approach that uses the borehole casing as a current injection electrode. In addition, we have developed the first capacitive sensors for geophysical use and have adapted them for use with commercial seismic data recorders.
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