Five-year weight changes associate with blood pressure alterations independent of changes in serum insulin

Seven, Ekim; Husemoen, Lise Lotte Nystrup; Wachtell, Kristian; Ibsen, Hans; Linneberg, Allan; Jeppesen, Jørgen

doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000317

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Furthermore, smoking is causally associated with lower body mass index (BMI), 17 and higher level of adiposity is strongly associated with elevated blood pressure and is also considered a major risk factor for hypertension. 18,19 Hence, there is a strong possibility that the lower blood pressure observed in smokers could be explained by lower body weight caused by smoking. Data from observational epidemiological studies also suggest that smoking is associated with higher level of resting heart rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate

Linneberg¹,

Jacobsen²,

Skaaby³

et al. 2015

Circ Cardiovasc Genet

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113

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Background Smoking is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor, but the mechanisms linking smoking to blood pressure are poorly understood. Methods and Results Data on 141,317 participants (62,666 never, 40,669 former, 37,982 current smokers) from 23 population-based studies were included in observational and Mendelian randomisation (MR) meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), hypertension, and resting heart rate. For the MR analyses, a genetic variant rs16969968/rs1051730 was used as a proxy for smoking heaviness in current smokers. In observational analyses, current as compared with never smoking was associated with lower SBP, DBP, and lower hypertension risk, but with higher resting heart rate. In observational analyses amongst current smokers, one cigarette/day higher level of smoking heaviness was associated with higher (0.21 beats/minute; 95% CI 0.19; 0.24) resting heart rate, and slightly higher DBP (0.05 mmHg; 95% CI 0.02; 0.08) and SBP (0.08 mmHg; 95% CI 0.03; 0.13). However, in MR analyses amongst current smokers, while each smoking increasing allele of rs16969968/rs1051730 was associated with higher resting heart rate (0.36 beats/minute/allele; 95% CI 0.18; 0.54), there was no strong association with DBP, SBP, or hypertension. This would suggest a 7 beats/minute higher heart rate in those who smoke 20 cigarettes/day. Conclusions This MR meta-analysis supports a causal association of smoking heaviness with higher level of resting heart rate, but not with blood pressure. These findings suggest that part of the cardiovascular risk of smoking may operate through increasing resting heart rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate

Linneberg¹,

Jacobsen²,

Skaaby³

et al. 2015

Circ Cardiovasc Genet

Self Cite

113

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“…The newly proposed mechanism is related to the modulatory effects of GSE on inflammation and body weight which both play a key role in the management of cardiovascular risk factors (Chuang & McIntosh, 2011; Kar et al, 2009; Seo et al, 2015). Previous studies also showed that weight loss have beneficial effects on blood lipids (Bazzano et al, 2014; Seven et al, 2014). Furthermore, some lines of evidence emphasize that inflammation and higher inflammatory cytokines (namely, TNF and interleukin‐6) may contribute to increased TG and VLDL levels and also decreased HDL‐C levels (Feingold & Grunfeld, 2019; Khovidhunkit et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Grape seed extract supplementation along with a restricted‐calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese or overweight adult individuals: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Yousefi

Parandoosh

Khorsandi

et al. 2020

Phytotherapy Research

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Grape seed extract (GSE) is a flavonoid‐rich supplement, recently discussed as a potential moderator of inflammation and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GSE supplementation along with a restricted‐calorie diet (RCD), on changes in blood lipid profile, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). We designed a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Forty obese or overweight individuals (25 ≤ body mass index < 40 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive GSE (300 mg/day) or placebo, plus RCD, for 12 weeks. We studied the anthropometric measures, biochemical biomarkers and dietary intake within the study timelines. Levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and HDL‐C/low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) significantly increased in the GSE group as compared with the placebo group at week 12 (p = .03 and .008, respectively, adjusted for age, sex, energy and saturated fatty acid intake). We also observed a significant reduction in LDL‐C following GSE supplementation in comparison to placebo (adjusted for age, sex and energy intake, p = .04). VAI, AIP, total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly decreased in the GSE group compared with the baseline (p = .04, .02, .01, and .02, respectively). GSE supplementation may have a modulatory role in improving blood lipid profile in obese or overweight individuals, when accompanied by RCD.

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“…The association between tobacco smoking and low BP could be explained by different behaviors or socioeconomic factors 4 . Current smokers may have a lower body mass index (BMI) than non-smokers, which could explain this negative association 5 . Nevertheless, other epidemiological studies showed that smoking tobacco was associated with high BP 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between smoking and alcohol consumption with blood pressure in a middle-aged population

Vallée¹

2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Inconsistent association between tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and hypertension have been highlighted. The purpose of our study was to investigate the associations between smoking use and alcohol with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and hypertension in a middle-aged population. METHODS Smoking status was based on smoking pack-years and cigarettes per day, and alcohol consumption was measured in units/day. Gender associations between smoking and alcohol consumption with BP and hypertension were estimated using multiple linear regressions. Synergistic effects between smoking and alcohol were investigating in both genders. RESULTS A total of 290913 individuals of the UK Biobank population were included (133950 men and 156963 women). Current smoking was significantly associated with lower SBP, DBP and lower hypertension prevalence, in both genders (p<0.001). However, cigarettes per day were associated with higher SBP in men current smokers [B=0.05 (0.02), p<0.001] with higher hypertension (p=0.001) but not with DBP (p=0.205). Similar results were observed in women current smokers [SBP: B=0.10 (0.02), p<0.001; DBP, p=0.217 and hypertension, p=0.019]. The number of smoking pack-years was only associated with higher levels in SBP in men (p=0.047) and in women (p<0.001). In both genders, alcohol consumption was associated with higher SBP, DBP and hypertension (p<0.001). Synergistic effects were observed for alcohol consumption on smoking pack-years and cigarettes per day with SBP and DBP. CONCLUSIONS Smoking and alcohol were associated with higher BP in current smokers with synergistic effects. The findings suggest the importance of considering smoking and alcohol consumption in BP control in addition to antihypertensive medication and public health practice.

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Five-year weight changes associate with blood pressure alterations independent of changes in serum insulin

Abstract: Five-year weight changes associate with BP alterations independent of the insulin changes.

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate

Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate

Grape seed extract supplementation along with a restricted‐calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese or overweight adult individuals: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Associations between smoking and alcohol consumption with blood pressure in a middle-aged population

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