Grape seed extract supplementation along with a restricted‐calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese or overweight adult individuals: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Abstract

Grape seed extract (GSE) is a flavonoid‐rich supplement, recently discussed as a potential moderator of inflammation and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GSE supplementation along with a restricted‐calorie diet (RCD), on changes in blood lipid profile, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). We designed a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Forty obese or overweight individuals (25 ≤ body mass index < 40 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive GSE (300 mg/day) or placebo, plus RCD, for 12 weeks. We studied the anthropometric measures, biochemical biomarkers and dietary intake within the study timelines. Levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and HDL‐C/low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) significantly increased in the GSE group as compared with the placebo group at week 12 (p = .03 and .008, respectively, adjusted for age, sex, energy and saturated fatty acid intake). We also observed a significant reduction in LDL‐C following GSE supplementation in comparison to placebo (adjusted for age, sex and energy intake, p = .04). VAI, AIP, total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly decreased in the GSE group compared with the baseline (p = .04, .02, .01, and .02, respectively). GSE supplementation may have a modulatory role in improving blood lipid profile in obese or overweight individuals, when accompanied by RCD.

Bioactivity of Dietary Polyphenols: The Role in LDL-C Lowering

“…Polyphenols-rich grape extract capsules (300 mg/day) were orally given to obese individuals for a period of 12 weeks. The results predicted that grape extracts decreased the plasma LDL-C level from 131 ± 4.98 to 110.28 ± 5.8 mg/dl [80]. Luteolin, a bioactive compound present in chrysanthemum, was evaluated for its LDL-C lowering effect on hyperlipidemia rats.…”

Efficacy of Bilberry and Grape Seed Extract Supplement Interventions to Improve Glucose and Cholesterol Metabolism and Blood Pressure in Different Populations—A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…The effect of intervention with either grape seed or bilberry and blackcurrant extract on HDL cholesterol was more variable. Only one study with grape seed extract [ 35 ], and three intervention studies with bilberry and blackcurrant extract [ 30 , 33 , 43 ], showed a significant average increase in HDL cholesterol, but the response was not linked to study design or population characteristics, or other study outcomes. Dose did not affect the response in cholesterol levels ( Figure 5 ).…”

“…Twenty studies-sixteen studies with grape seed extract and four studies with berry and blackcurrant extract-measured effects on cholesterol outcomes. All four berry and blackcurrant extract studies [30,33,41,43] and five of the sixteen grape seed tract studies [26][27][28][29]35] observed significant improvements in at least one choles marker. Significant reductions in total and LDL cholesterol were observed across stu and in different study populations where subjects had been diagnosed with hyperch terolemia, T2DM or metabolic syndrome, in those studies that lasted four weeks or lon Longer study durations did not reduce total and LDL cholesterol further.…”

The Effect of Nutrition on Aging—A Systematic Review Focusing on Aging-Related Biomarkers

“…A total of 12 of the 36 included studies were randomized controlled trials [33,34,37,41,43,50,56,57,[59][60][61]67], 8 were cross-sectional studies [36,39,40,44,45,49,51,58], 6 were prospective cohort studies [32,47,55,[63][64][65], 4 were cohort studies [46,52,62,66], 2 were crossover studies [38,53], 2 were randomized non-controlled trials [35,42], and 2 were prospective non-randomized: pre/post studies [48,54]. Telomere length (TL) was measured using saliva samples and ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption was collected using a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); the association between consumption of energy-adjusted UPF and the risk of having short telomeres was evaluated using logistic regression models.…”

“…Twenty two of the thirty-six included studies examined the results based on the adult population [32,33,[35][36][37]40,[46][47][48][49][52][53][54][55][57][58][59][60]63,64,66,67] and fourteen only recruited older adults [34,38,39,[41][42][43][44][45]50,51,56,61,62,65].…”