Fish larval nutrition and feed formulation: knowledge gaps and bottlenecks for advances in larval rearing

Hamre, Kristin; Yúfera, Manuel; Rønnestad, Ivar; Boglione, Clara; Conceição, Luı́s E.C.; Izquierdo, Marisol

doi:10.1111/j.1753-5131.2012.01086.x

Cited by 345 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 244 publications

(642 reference statements)

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“…Inadequate nutrition is proposed to be one of the major factors causing these skeletal deformities in intensively reared fish (Cahu et al, 2003;Hamre et al, 2013;Imsland et al, 2006;Lewis-McCrea and Lall, 2007). Zooplankton and copepod nauplii constitutes the main natural diet for first feeding marine fish in the wild, including Atlantic cod (Last, 1978;Wiborg, 1948).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ossification of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) – Developmental stages revisited

Sæle¹,

Haugen

Karlsen

et al. 2017

Aquaculture

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Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ossification of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) – Developmental stages revisited

Sæle¹,

Haugen

Karlsen

et al. 2017

Aquaculture

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“…First feeding of perch larvae is a critical step under intensive culture conditions (Hamre, Yúfera, Rønnestad, Boglione, Conceição, & Izquierdo, 2013). The present study demonstrated that for first feeding a static water system without aeration and a homogenous, small-sized live food are optimal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

A method for Rearing Perch, Perca fluviatilis, Larvae Using Paramecium caudatum, Followed by Wild Zooplankton and Formulated Dry Feed in Combination With Adequate Tank Systems

Lahnsteiner¹,

Kletzl²

2018

JAS

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The present study investigates methods for larviculture and fingerling production in the European perch, Perca fluviatilis. Perch larvae in the stage of first feeding were sensitive to many manipulations necessary in fish culture. Lowering and increasing the tank water level as required for cleaning and water renewal, water flow and aeration led to disturbed buoyancy or mortality in a distinct percentage of larvae. Paramecium caudatum, wild zooplankton containing > 70% copeopds, and formulated dry feed were used for first feeding in combination with flow through tanks or static tanks. For first feeding Paramecium caudatum in combination with a static tank system was optimal resulting in survival rates of circa 90% at 15 days post hatch (dph). Wild zooplankton was no optimal starter feed as perch fed non-selectively on any feed particle available. This resulted in moderate survival rates of circa 50% at 15 dph. First feeding with formulated dry feed caused malformations (enlargement of swimbladders) and a high mortality of > 80%. Weaning from Paramecium caudatum to formulated dry feed and to zooplankton was tested on 8-16 dph larvae. Perch accepted the new food type within 3 days. The optimal time point for zooplankton weaning was 12 dph. In this age larvae had developed a selective feeding behaviour, and fed mainly on nauplii and copepodites. Weaning to formulated dry feed was impossible as larvae developed malformations resulting in high mortality as described above. Weaning from wild zooplankton to formulated dry feed was possible for larvae ≥ 29 dph. No cannibalism was observed in the experiments. The method was also tested in large scale experiments resulting in a survival rate of 65±4%, a total length of 45.0±7.2 mm, and a body weight of 1097±293 mg at 75 dph.

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“…Similarly, the arginine requirement for flounder larvae seemed to be slightly higher than 3.2% of the CP54 diet due to estimated protein requirement of 55.4% in this study. The nutritional requirements of marine fish larvae have focused primarily on the fatty acid requirements since a few decades ago (Izquierdo, Socorro, Arantzamendi & Hernadez-Cruz, 2000;Kanazawa, 2003), but the AA requirements in recent years (Hamre et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Saavedra et al, 2015;Canada et al, 2016). In particular, histidine appeared to be the limiting AA in live food (enriched rotifers and Artemia nauplii) and in dry feed tested for meagre (Agryrosomus regius) larvae when essential AA profiles of fish carcass and diet were compared (Saavedra et al, 2015) or in enriched rotifers when they were fed to Diplodus puntazzo larvae at 4 DAH (Saavedra et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ha¹,

Jeong²,

Jang³

et al. 2018

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The optimal protein requirement in granulated microdiets was determined for larval olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Five granulated microdiets (CP42, CP46, CP50, CP54 and CP58) containing 42 to 58% protein levels at a constant energy level were prepared. As the protein levels increased in the granulated microdiets, all essential and nonessential amino acid (AA) contents increased. The weight gain, average growth rate and relative growth rate (RGR) of the flounder larvae fed the CP54 and CP58 diets were greater than of larvae fed the other diets. The total length of larval flounder fed the CP54 and CP58 diets was greater than of the flounder fed the CP42 and CP46 diets. The crude lipid content of the larval flounder fed the CP58 diet was higher than of the flounder fed the CP42, CP46 and CP50 diets. None of the whole body AA profiles of the founder larvae was affected by protein levels in the granulated microdiets. In conclusion, dietary protein requirement was estimated to be 55.4% based on the RGR of the larval olive flounder.

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Fish larval nutrition and feed formulation: knowledge gaps and bottlenecks for advances in larval rearing

Cited by 345 publications

References 244 publications

Ossification of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) – Developmental stages revisited

Ossification of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) – Developmental stages revisited

A method for Rearing Perch, Perca fluviatilis, Larvae Using Paramecium caudatum, Followed by Wild Zooplankton and Formulated Dry Feed in Combination With Adequate Tank Systems

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