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The composition of seminal plasma and metabolism of sperm of the cyprinid fishAlburnus alburnus were investigated. Statistically significant correlations were found between motility parameters and seminal fluid osmolality, pH, Na(+), K(+) and protein levels (negative correlations: % immotile spermatozoa-Na(+), K(+); positive correlations: % motile spermatozoa-osmolality, pH, Na(+), K(+), protein; % linear motile spermatozoa-pH protein; swimming velocity of spermatozoa-pH, Na(+), protein). Spermatozoan motility and ATP metabolism and glycolysis were correlated as indicated by measurement of ATPase, pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity. The physiological meanings of these correlations and their possible significance for quality control of semen are discussed.

The present paper summarizes the data on a semen cryopreservation method for the Salmonidae (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta f. lacustris, Salvelinus fontinalis, Salvelinus alpinus, Salmo trutta f. fario, Hucho hucho, Coregonus lavaretus, Thymallus thymallus) and for the Northern pike (Esox lucius) published during recent years. It describes (1) methods used for the determination of sperm viability; (2) the protective efficiency of substances specifically for protection of internal and external parts of cells and the process of extender development; (3) the freezing, thawing and fertilization conditions; and (4) the tolerable deviations from the freezing protocol for more easy application. Finally, biomarkers are reported that predict the suitability of semen for cryopreservation and the quality of frozen–thawed semen.

Summary ― The ovarian fluid of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), charr (Salvelinus alpinus), lake trout (Salmo trutta f lacustris) and Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) was analyzed for its inorganic and organic composition. The qualitative composition of the ovarian fluid of the investigated species was similar, but significant quantitative differences were found. The following components were determined: sodium 106.6-142.2 mmol/I, potassium 1.7-2.7 mmol/I, calcium 0.45-0.61 mmola, osmolality 256.4-291.6 mosmol/kg, pH 8.4-8.8, glucose 1 698-4 195 wmol/I, fructose 17-399 pmol/I, lactate 34-227 gmol/l, cholesterol 650-1 230 pmolfl, phosphatidylcholine 0.25-3.0 pmoUl, lysophosphatidylcholine 10-100 Jl mol/l, choline 0-1.1 pmol/I, protein 95.0-278.4 mg/100 ml. Arginine, cystine, glycine, histidine, lysine, proline, serine, tyrosine and valine were the free amino acids occurring in concentrations of more than 10 0 pmolfl. Activities of alkaline phosphatase (200-6 000 pmol substrate/I/h), lactate dehydrogenase (9-690 gmol substrate/I/h), p-D -giucuronidase (70-410 pmol substrate/I/h), proteases pmolfl, fructose 17-399 pmolfl, lactate 34-227 pmolfl, cholesterol 650-1230 pmolfl, phosphatidylcholine 0,25-3,0 pmolll, lysophosphatidylcholine 10-100 pmol/1, choline 0-1,1 1 gmoili, protéines 95,4-278,4 mgl100 mL Arginine, cystine, glycine, histidine, lysine, proline, sérine, tyrosine et valine étaient les acides aminés libres dont la concentration excédait 10 pmolll. Des activités phosphatase alcaline (200-6000 pmol substratlllh), lactate déhydrogénase (9-690 gmoi substratlilh), /3-o-glucuronidase (70-410 0 pmol substrat/I/h), protéases (140-215 gmoilllh avec le collagène, 25-90 pmollllh avec la gélatine) et phosphatase acide (100-130 pmol subsiratlllh) étaient détectables, mais la glucose-6-phosphate déhydrogénase et l'a-glucosidase étaient absentes.

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