First report on transferrin in the silkworm, Antheraea mylitta, with a putative role in antioxidant defense: Insights from proteomic analysis and immunodetection

Cellular Redox-Related Transcription Factor Nrf2 Mediation of HaTrf Response to Host Plant Allelochemical 2-Tridecanone in Helicoverpa armigera

“…Transferrin is a highly conserved multifunctional protein involved in the immune response and iron metabolism in insects. Most current literatures demonstrate transferrin to be a key protein in the regulation and management of cellular iron balance and immune response. − Limited research studies have found that insect transferrin is also involved in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. ,− In response to heat shock, H 2 O 2 , or fungus, transferrin mediated the level of free iron and protected the tissues from iron-induced oxidative stress. , RNA interference (RNAi) transferrin transcript expression caused rapid apoptotic cell death in fatbody cells of Apriona germari and Protaetia brevitarsis during exposure to heat stress. Iron and H 2 O 2 levels were also found to be elevated in the hemolymph of P.…”

Haemocyte‐mediated immunity in insects: Cells, processes and associated components in the fight against pathogens and parasites

“…Haemocytes express the major classes of AMPs, subgrouped on the basis of their sequence composition and the secondary structures, including the linear amphipathic alpha‐helical AMPs like cecropins [27,28], the defensins [29], and the proline‐ and glycine‐rich AMPs [30,31]. Different antimicrobial proteins are also expressed by haemocytes in response to microbial stimulation, including lysozymes [32], transferrins [33], an array of soluble forms of microbial pattern recognition receptors like C‐type lectins, peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), β‐1,3‐glucan recognition proteins (βGRPs) and galectins (GALEs), among others [34,35]. Therefore, aspects of haemocyte biology will firstly be emphasized below, then followed by cell‐mediated immune responses.…”