2021
DOI: 10.1111/imm.13390
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Abstract: The host defence of insects includes a combination of cellular and humoral responses. The cellular arm of the insect innate immune system includes mechanisms that are directly mediated by haemocytes (e.g., phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation). In addition, melanization accompanying coagulation, clot formation and wound healing, nodulation and encapsulation processes leads to the formation of cytotoxic redox‐cycling melanin precursors and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. However, demarcation between… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
4
1

Citation Types

0
41
0

Year Published

2021
2021
2024
2024

Publication Types

Select...
6

Relationship

1
5

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 72 publications
(41 citation statements)
references
References 297 publications
0
41
0
Order By: Relevance
“…The data reported herein highlight that the two branches of the immune system have different activation dynamics in this insect as phagocytosis and encapsulation are rapidly triggered once the larva is exposed to the foreign antigen, while the humoral components intervene later. This evidence - although important because it fills a gap in our knowledge of BSF larvae - is common among insects, that are able to activate different defense mechanisms against infections via different speeds, specificities, and routes ( 17 , 97 ). The possible variation in numbers and populations of circulating hemocytes, and the rate of their recruitment to overcome the intruders likely affect the extent and time course of phagocytosis and encapsulation among different insects and within the same species depending on the foreign invader ( 17 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
See 4 more Smart Citations
“…The data reported herein highlight that the two branches of the immune system have different activation dynamics in this insect as phagocytosis and encapsulation are rapidly triggered once the larva is exposed to the foreign antigen, while the humoral components intervene later. This evidence - although important because it fills a gap in our knowledge of BSF larvae - is common among insects, that are able to activate different defense mechanisms against infections via different speeds, specificities, and routes ( 17 , 97 ). The possible variation in numbers and populations of circulating hemocytes, and the rate of their recruitment to overcome the intruders likely affect the extent and time course of phagocytosis and encapsulation among different insects and within the same species depending on the foreign invader ( 17 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…This evidence - although important because it fills a gap in our knowledge of BSF larvae - is common among insects, that are able to activate different defense mechanisms against infections via different speeds, specificities, and routes ( 17 , 97 ). The possible variation in numbers and populations of circulating hemocytes, and the rate of their recruitment to overcome the intruders likely affect the extent and time course of phagocytosis and encapsulation among different insects and within the same species depending on the foreign invader ( 17 ). Similarly, the variation in the evoking potency of the bacterial cell wall PAMPs, e.g., peptidoglycan or lipopolysaccharides of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, and the efficiency of the subsequent response mechanisms may contribute, in part, to the speed and specificity of immune phenomena in different challenged insects, e.g., Orthoptera ( 98 ), Lepidoptera ( 99 ), Hymenoptera ( 100 ), Coleoptera ( 101 ) and other Diptera ( 102 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
See 3 more Smart Citations