First Report of Root Rot Caused by <i>Fusarium armeniacum</i> on American Ginseng in China

Zhang, Ximei; Bi, Yang; Li, Junfei; Shao, Huihui; Jiao, X. L.; Gao, Weiwei

doi:10.1094/pdis-12-19-2554-pdn

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Rusty root rot of American ginseng can be caused by several Fusarium species and R. panacis [ 5 , 6 ]. In China, several Fusarium species, including F. solani , F. oxysporum , F. dlamini and F. armeniacum have been reported to cause disappearing root rot in American ginseng [ 7 , 8 ]. Cylindrocarpon destructans , C. panacis , C. obtusisporum and C. panacicola have been reported sporadically to cause rusty root rot [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cylindrocarpon-like Fungi Infecting Ginseng Roots in Northeast China

Xiao

Zhang

Jiao

et al. 2022

JoF

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Northeast China is well known for cultivating ginseng (Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolius). Ginseng roots are threatened by the infection of the most notorious Cylindrocarpon-like fungi (CLF), which are a complex containing important soilborne pathogens. Although the disease is economically important, little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogenic CLF complex. This knowledge will help in developing effective disease management strategies. To conduct this study, diseased ginseng roots were collected from 12 regions representing the main ginseng-growing areas in Northeast China, and CLF were isolated. A total of 169 isolates with CLF anamorph were identified in two Dactylonectria species and six Ilyonectria species using morphological and molecular methods. Cross pathogenicity tests showed that all species were pathogenic to both P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, and most of them had slightly stronger aggressiveness in P. ginseng. The analysis of partial sequences of the Histone H3 gene generated a high level of genetic diversity and geographic differentiation. A total of 132 variable sites were detected in 169 sequences, which formed 20 haplotypes with a haplotype diversity of 0.824. Genetic differentiation was positively correlated with geographic distance. The geographic populations in the range of Changbai Mountain were distinctly discriminated from those in other non-Changbai Mountain populations. No significant genetic differentiation was found between ginseng hosts. Cylindrocarpon-like fungi causing ginseng root diseases are geographically correlated in the genetic distance in Northeast China and should be managed correspondingly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cylindrocarpon-like Fungi Infecting Ginseng Roots in Northeast China

Xiao

Zhang

Jiao

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…quinquefolius mainly grows in the USA and Canada in the wild and was introduced into China in the last century. In 1964, P. quinquefolius was introduced into Wendeng county (122.22 • E, 37.25 • N), which has become one of the major cultivation areas in China [13]. It is widely recognized that the biological activities of medicinal plants result from the presence of various chemical constituents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Region-Specific Biomarkers and Their Mechanisms in the Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Study of Panax quinquefolius from Wendeng, China

Zhang

Han

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Panax quinquefolius, a popular medicinal herb, has been cultivated in China for many years. In this work, the region-specific profiles of metabolites in P. quinquefolius from Wendeng was investigated using liquid-chromatography–quadrupole–time-of-flight-(LC–Q–TOF)-based metabolomics analysis. The three most abundant biomarkers, identified as ginsenoside Rb3, notoginsenoside R1, and ginsenoside Rc, were the representative chemical components employed in the network pharmacology analysis. In addition, molecular docking and western blotting analyses revealed that the three compounds were effective binding ligands with Hsp90α, resulting in the inactivation of SRC and PI3K kinase, which eventually led to the inactivation of the Akt and ERK pathways and lung cancer suppression. The outcomes obtained herein demonstrated the intriguing chemical characteristics and potential functional activities of P. quinquefolius from Wendeng.

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First Report of Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum on Aralia elata in China

Zheng,

You,

Sun

et al. 2024

Plant Disease

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Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem., is grown for its medicinal and nutritional properties in northeastern China. The tender shoots are used as wild vegetables. The plant saponin components have antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, and are used for the treatment of chronic disease (Xia et al. 2021). In July 2021, root rot disease was observed in five-year-old A. elata plants in Qingyuan County (41°91′ N, 124°59′ E), Liaoning Province, China. The incidence of roots rot was approximately 50% in old fields, with the leaves of the infected plants appearing chlorotic and wilting. The lesions on the taproots were dark brown and soft, with degraded internal organization. Leading edge of necrotic tissue from symptomatic roots was cut 5×5×3 mm, placed in 75% ethanol for 30 s, and then in 3% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min. After three rinses in sterile distilled water, the samples were dried on sterile filter paper before plating on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubation at 25℃. Monosporic cultures were obtained by the collection of single spores from individual isolates. After 7 days on PDA, mycelia in the colonies appeared cottony and pink, white, or purple in color, while their undersides were pink and white. Spore characteristics were evaluated after transfer to carnation leaf agar (CLA) and incubation for 20 days (Zhang et al. 2021). The macroconidia were falciform, slightly curved or straight, two to five septate, and 20.57 to 33.75 × 3.62 to 6.11 μm (n=40). The microconidia were ovoid or oval, zero to one septate, and 5.12 to 13.53 × 3.04 to 4.79 μm (n=40). Chlamydospores were globose to subglobose, intercalary or terminal, with an average diameter of 13.76 μm (n=40).To identify the pathogen, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α) gene were amplified using the respective primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, LR0R/LR7, and EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Cheng et al. 2020; Fu et al. 2019). Comparisons with GenBank, the sequences of ITS, LSU, and TEF-1 had 99 to 100% homology with Fusarium oxysporum (accessions numbers- MH707084, OQ380519, and GU250609, respectively). The sequences were deposited in GenBank: OP482273 (ITS), OP491955 (LSU), and OP503498 (TEF-1α). Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the identified sequences using MEGA-X software indicated that the isolate represented F. oxysporum. The taproots of 30 one-year-old A. elata were washed and inoculated with 1×106/ml of the conidial suspension for two hours, and another 30 used as controls with sterile water. After planting in sterilized forest soil in flowerpots (36×30 cm), the plants were grown in a greenhouse for two weeks at 25℃ with 14 h of light. It was found that 50% of the roots showed typical root rot symptoms, while the controls were asymptomatic. The pathogenicity test was repeated three times, and reisolation of F. oxysporum from the roots fulfilled Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of root rot in A. elata caused by F. oxysporum in China and indicates the necessity for suitable management strategies to protect A. elata production. References: Cheng, Y., et al. 2020. Plant Dis. 104:3072. Fu, R., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:1426. Xia, W., et al. 2021. Mini-Rev Med Chem. 21:2567. Zhang, X. M., et al. 2021. Plant Dis. 105:1223.

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First Report of Root Rot Caused by Fusarium armeniacum on American Ginseng in China

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cylindrocarpon-like Fungi Infecting Ginseng Roots in Northeast China

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cylindrocarpon-like Fungi Infecting Ginseng Roots in Northeast China

Region-Specific Biomarkers and Their Mechanisms in the Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Study of Panax quinquefolius from Wendeng, China

First Report of Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum on Aralia elata in China

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