Laminin, a major component of the basement membrane, plays an important role in blood brain barrier regulation. At the neurovascular unit, brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes synthesize and deposit different laminin isoforms into the basement membrane. It has been shown that laminin α4 (endothelial laminin) regulates vascular integrity at embryonic/neonatal stage, while astrocytic laminin maintains vascular integrity in adulthood. Here, we investigate the function of pericyte-derived laminin in vascular integrity. Using a conditional knockout mouse line, we report that loss of pericytic laminin leads to hydrocephalus and BBB breakdown in a small percentage (10.7%) of the mutants. Interestingly, BBB disruption always goes hand-in-hand with hydrocephalus in these mutants, and neither symptom is observed in the rest 89.3% of the mutants. Further mechanistic studies show that reduced tight junction proteins, diminished AQP4 expression, and decreased pericyte coverage are responsible for the BBB disruption. Together, these data suggest that pericyte-derived laminin is involved in the maintenance of BBB integrity and regulation of ventricular size/development.

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In this paper, a tri-band miniaturized wide-angle and polarization-insensitive metasurface is proposed as an ambient energy collector. The metasurface is composed of a subwavelength butterfly-type closed-ring (BCR) array attached to a low-loss substrate with a metallic ground. Each unit cell of the energy harvesting metasurface has only one harvesting port. Its energy harvesting efficiency for different polarization and incident angles was analyzed, and the results show that the maximum harvesting efficiency is 90%, 83%, and 81% at the three frequency bands of 0.9 GHz, 2.6 GHz, and 5.7 GHz, respectively. Moreover, a prototype of the 7 × 7 BCR metasurface harvesting array was fabricated and measured. The experimental results validate that the proposed metasurface performs well under transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarization and is suitable for wide-angle incident energy harvesting in the three frequency bands.

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EEuOL relieved PD-like symptoms possibly through activating autophagy and phenolic acid compounds may contribute to autophagy activation.

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In this paper, wireless power transfer (WPT) and energy harvesting (EH) technologies are reviewed in detail, and the application of metamaterials and metasurfaces for WPT and EH is discussed. Specifically, we focus on the metasurfaces for ambient radio frequency energy harvesting (AEH) in recent advances, comments, existing challenges, and future directions. The performance of metasurface- and antenna-based AEH systems is compared. The metasurfaces not only enable the efficient operation of the AEH system but also extend the potential function to various kinds of energy harvesting devices, which is influential progress of ambient electromagnetic energy harvesting.

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