First report of Cryptosporidium sp. infection in sheep population of Ladakh, India

Bhat, Adil Majid; Malik, H. U.; Wani, Nasir Manzoor; Paul, Souvik; Gupta, Saurabh; Dolma, Tsewang; Singh, Sanjiv

doi:10.1007/s12639-019-01119-1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection found in this study (10.1%) is higher than that reported in Spain (5.9%; Díaz et al, 2018a) and lower than most investigations worldwide, which have reported infection rates ranging from 14 to 29% (Holsback et al, 2018, Mi et al, 2018, Chikweto et al, 2019, Khan et al, 2019. A prevalence higher than 50% has also been recorded (Bhat et al, 2019). These variations in the prevalence may be due to sample size, geographical region, climate, age of animals, diagnostic methods used, breed, hygiene conditions and management practices (Santin, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium infections in sheep farms from Italy

et al. 2020

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Cryptosporidiosis is recognized as being a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness due to its wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. Infection with Cryptosporidium spp. is especially common in young domestic ruminants (calves, lambs and goat kids) and has been associated with economic losses worldwide. In contrast to cattle, to date, detailed studies on Cryptosporidium infections in sheep from Europe are still limited; thus, their importance as reservoirs of Cryptosporidium species with implications on animal and public health still needs to be clarified. This study evaluates the prevalence and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep farms in Italy. A total of 915 individual faecal samples divided into three different animal categories were collected from 61 sheep farms. Each sample was examined by microscopy of faecal smears stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen and by biomolecular techniques. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 10.1% of the animals examined and in 34.4% of the farms. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was significantly higher (χ2 = 51.854; P < 0.001) in diarrhoeic samples than in pasty or normal faeces. Genotype analyses showed the presence of two Cryptosporidium species: C. parvum and C. ubiquitum. Subtyping analysis of C. parvum isolates revealed the presence of subtypes IIa15G2R1 and IIdA20G1 and of subtype XIIa for C. ubiquitum. These findings have public health implications since both Cryptosporidium species identified are considered zoonotic, and C. parvum is the second-most common Cryptosporidium species infecting humans. Our data reveal that lambs, especially those excreting diarrhoeic faeces, may be important reservoirs of Cryptosporidium. We also highlight the need to establish adequate control and monitoring programmes for the control of this infection in sheep farms primarily through coprological monitoring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium infections in sheep farms from Italy

et al. 2020

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“…in cattle, sheep and goats were 49%, 53%, 39%, respectively. In sheep, the result is lower than the recorded prevalence in India was more than 50% (Bhat et al, 2019). Some reports showed a considerably higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocyst as in Spain (31-59%), which warns with care because matching for characteristics of animals and their raising conditions is a challenging variant (Romero-Salas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Of Cryptosporidium Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. in ruminant livestock in South Sinai, Egypt

Taha

Barghash²,

SERAG

2022

Bulletin of Faculty of Science, Zagazig University

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Cryptosporidium is apicomplexan parasite that can infect a wide range of animal species as well as humans causing life-threatening diarrhoea, especially in young hosts. In Egypt, few studies on the molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium have been described in humans, but few data were available in animals has been performed until now. The present study aimed to detect and characterize Cryptosporidium spp. for the first time in 195 faecal specimens from ruminant animals of different sites from the South Sinai Governorate. The study was carried out from October 2020 to October 2021 using Ziehl-Neelsen fast stain (ZN) and a nested-PCR (nPCR) that targeted the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene. Results showed an overall prevalence rate of infection in 105/195 (53.85%) and 86 /195 (43.59%) using ZN and nPCR, respectively. It was (68.6%, 50%, and 48.2%) by ZN and (49%, 53%, and 39.2%) by nPCR in cattle, goats, and sheep, respectively. Host-species, age, and status of faecal samples were risk factors for cryptosporidiosis, whereas location, sex, and clinical state have no significant difference (p> 0.05). The infections were due to C. parvum, which is dominant in Egyptian isolates preserved in GenBank data, and no correlation between the genotype and the geographic origins. We concluded that the presence of potentially zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium in ruminants in this region suggest that livestock could potentially contribute to human cryptosporidiosis in the study area. Further molecular studies on local human populations are required to understand the transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. in that region.

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“…However, the lower incidence of cryptosporidiosis in male animals might be attributed to the smaller number of male calves screened since most of them were culled after birth and the female calves were in more contact with the cows. Thakre et al (2017) and Bhat et al (2019) also reported that both sexes of ruminants are equally susceptible to cryptosporidiosis. Similarly, there was no sex wise variation in the incidence of Cryptosporidium in cattle handlers, 5.45 per cent in male and 8.89 per cent in female.…”

Section: Demographic and Environmental Associates Of Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 91%

Molecular Characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum among Cattle and Cattle Handlers from Tripura (India) and the Associated Risk Factors

Das

Deka

Lalrinkima

2022

IJAR

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Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is major protozoan parasite of both animals and humans with zoonotic significance. There is a paucity of information on its occurrence and associated risk factors in North Eastern states, India. The present study aimed at the molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium from cattle and cattle handlers in West district of Tripura and risk associates analysis. Methods: Faecal samples were randomly collected from cattle and cattle handlers (100 each), of West district, Tripura. The samples were subjected to sheather’s sucrose flotation, modified Zeihl Neelsen (mZN) staining and PCR assay targeting the 18S SSUr-RNA gene for detection of Cryptosporidium. The polemerised chain reaction- Restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was done to detect Cryptosporidium spp. and C. parvum genotypes. Association of the epidemiological variables in relation to host and environment were studied for comparative analysis. Result: The incidence of Cryptosporidium was 16 per cent and 7 per cent in cattle and cattle handlers, respectively. The molecular characterisation based on PCR-RFLP analysis revealed 14 C. parvum and two C. andersoni and three C. parvum in cattle handlers. All the 14 C. parvum from cattle and one C. parvum from cattle handlers belonged to bovine genotype (genotype II) and other two C. parvum from cattle handlers belonged to the human genotype (genotype I). Cryptosporidiosis in both cattle and cattle handlers were strongly associated with younger age group and diarrhoeic faecal consistency with significantly (p less than 0.01) higher occurrence. However, significantly (p less than 0.05) higher predominance of monsoon season in occurrence of the disease was observed in cattle and sex predominance was not observed in both cattle and cattle handlers.

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First report of Cryptosporidium sp. infection in sheep population of Ladakh, India

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Cryptosporidium infections in sheep farms from Italy

Cryptosporidium infections in sheep farms from Italy

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. in ruminant livestock in South Sinai, Egypt

Molecular Characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum among Cattle and Cattle Handlers from Tripura (India) and the Associated Risk Factors

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