Molecular Characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum among Cattle and Cattle Handlers from Tripura (India) and the Associated Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is major protozoan parasite of both animals and humans with zoonotic significance. There is a paucity of information on its occurrence and associated risk factors in North Eastern states, India. The present study aimed at the molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium from cattle and cattle handlers in West district of Tripura and risk associates analysis. Methods: Faecal samples were randomly collected from cattle and cattle handlers (100 each), of West district, Tripura. The samples were subjected to sheather’s sucrose flotation, modified Zeihl Neelsen (mZN) staining and PCR assay targeting the 18S SSUr-RNA gene for detection of Cryptosporidium. The polemerised chain reaction- Restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was done to detect Cryptosporidium spp. and C. parvum genotypes. Association of the epidemiological variables in relation to host and environment were studied for comparative analysis. Result: The incidence of Cryptosporidium was 16 per cent and 7 per cent in cattle and cattle handlers, respectively. The molecular characterisation based on PCR-RFLP analysis revealed 14 C. parvum and two C. andersoni and three C. parvum in cattle handlers. All the 14 C. parvum from cattle and one C. parvum from cattle handlers belonged to bovine genotype (genotype II) and other two C. parvum from cattle handlers belonged to the human genotype (genotype I). Cryptosporidiosis in both cattle and cattle handlers were strongly associated with younger age group and diarrhoeic faecal consistency with significantly (p less than 0.01) higher occurrence. However, significantly (p less than 0.05) higher predominance of monsoon season in occurrence of the disease was observed in cattle and sex predominance was not observed in both cattle and cattle handlers.