First Report of a Bifid Mandibular Canal Containing a Large Vein Draining into the Anterior Jugular Vein

Iwanaga, Joe; Wilson, Charlotte; Simonds, Emily; Vetter, Marc; Kusukawa, Jingo; Yamaki, Koh-Ichi; Oskouian, Rod J.; Tubbs, R. Shane

doi:10.2739/kurumemedj.ms651004

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Correr et al (2013) demonstrated that when third molars were present, half of their cases showed an intimate relationship, and almost one third a close relationship, between the roots of the third molar and the bifurcation of the mandibular canal. However, as described by Eliades et al (2016) (Iwanaga et al, 2018). Mizbah et al (2012) adopted a different surgical approach when a bifurcation was observed.…”

Section: Failure Of Local Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their case involved a supplementary canal that coursed towards the periapical lesion of a third molar, with the tooth successfully removed. Nevertheless, one should be cautious of the risk of hemorrhage, since Iwanaga and colleagues reported a large vein from the accessory canal that drained into the anterior jugular vein (Iwanaga et al, ). Mizbah et al () adopted a different surgical approach when a bifurcation was observed.…”

Section: The Clinical Significance Of Accessory Mandibular Canalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eshak, Brooks, Abdel‐Wahed, and Edwards () observed an accessory mental foramen in 1% of cases with an additional exit route for the mandibular canal. In fact, the incidence of the accessory mental foramen can be as high as 13%, implying that there are many accessory branches of the inferior alveolar nerve in the mental region (Iwanaga et al, ). The additional foramen should not be confused with the accessory buccal foramen, which is not continuous with the mandibular canal (Naitoh et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The clinical anatomy of accessory mandibular canal in dentistry

Ngeow

Chai

2020

Clinical Anatomy

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The mandibular canal is a conduit that allows the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle to transverse the mandible to supply the dentition, jawbone and soft tissue around the gingiva and the lower lip. It is not a single canal but an anatomical structure with multiple branches and variations. The branches are termed accessory, bifid or trifid canals depending on their number and configuration. A bifid mandibular canal is an anatomical variation reported more commonly than the trifid variant. Because of these variations, it is of the utmost importance to determine the exact location of the mandibular canal and to identify any branches arising from it prior to performing surgery in the mandible. This article reviews the prevalence, classification and morphometric measurements of these accessory mandibular canals, emphasizing their clinical significance.

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Section: Failure Of Local Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Clinical Significance Of Accessory Mandibular Canalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The clinical anatomy of accessory mandibular canal in dentistry

Ngeow

Chai

2020

Clinical Anatomy

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“…Other types are normal branches of the MC. The BMC can accommodate a part of the IAN or even only veins [15]. During our investigation, we did not find any trifid mandibular canal in previous studies that satisfy our criteria; two additional intramandibular canals running parallel to the mandibular canal with/without confluence to the main canal.…”

Section: What Is a Bifid Mandibular Canal?mentioning

confidence: 54%

What are the retromolar and bifid/trifid mandibular canals as seen on cone-beam computed tomography? Revisiting classic gross anatomy of the inferior alveolar nerve and correcting terminology

et al. 2021

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Purpose Since cone-beam computed tomography was developed, a number of radiological studies on the bifid mandibular canals (BMCs) and trifid mandibular canals (TMCs) have been reported. However, many of the suggested subtypes of the BMC described in the literature seem to be normal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve. This might be due to a lack of revisiting classic anatomical studies in the field of radiology. Therefore, such studies are revisited here. Methods A database search using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted on BMC and TMC. Eighty-nine articles underwent full-text assessment. The reported three classifications of BMC and the six modified classifications were reviewed and compared to the intramandibular inferior alveolar nerve branches. Results Some subtypes of BMC and TMC simply represent normal inferior alveolar nerve branches, i.e., retromolar branch, molar branch (alveolar branch/dental branch), large mental branch, or communicating branch. Others such as Naitoh's type III BMC and forward canal might be a true BMC. Conclusion We found that the bifid mandibular canal is an additional intramandibular canal running parallel to the mandibular canal with/without confluence with the main canal through comparison of classifications of BMC/TMC between the radiology and anatomy fields.

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“…Tis French embryologist examined the vein, in one additional mandibular canal, draining below main canal [2]. Tis canal was confrmed by one recent cadaver report [3], but the authors did not report it as Serres's canal. Also, one human embryonic study [4] corroborated the existence of Serres's vein draining both pterygoid venous plexus posteriorly and venous plexus at mandibular symphysis anteriorly along with Meckel's cartilage (Figure 1(d)) of human embryo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifid Mandibular Canal: A Proportional Meta-Analysis of Computed Tomography Studies

Aung

Myint

2023

International Journal of Dentistry

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Introduction. Growing body of evidences showed different grades in prevalence of bifid mandibular canals. Because the previous reviews focused solely on patient-level occurrence, hemi-mandible-level prevalence, bilateral symmetry, length, and diameter of bifid mandibular canals were required to be estimated collectively. The research question of this meta-analysis was “What is the prevalence of bifid mandibular canal among patients seeking computed tomography examinations”? Materials and Methods. In vivo, computed tomography, and cross-sectional studies were eligible. Studies, with less than 100 subjects or anatomic site restriction or controlled class of bifid mandibular canal, were excluded. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies was used to assess methodological quality of all included studies. Random effect meta-analyses for proportion of bifid mandibular canal were done. Results. 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were selected for both systematic review and meta-analyses. Totally, 17714 patients and 31973 hemi-mandibles were included. All eligible studies showed moderate risk of bias on average. Resulting from the random effect model, more than 20% of patients seeking computed tomographic examinations had bifid mandibular canals (BMCs) which penetrated into slightly more than 14% of hemi-mandibles. Of the patients having bifid mandibular canals (BMCs), nearly 23% exhibited such anatomy on both sides of their mandibles. Estimated mean length and diameter of the accessory canals of bifid mandibular canals were 12.17 mm and 1.54 mm, respectively. Conclusion. The geographical locations, classifications, reliability test, and voxel size of computed tomography were all implicated in the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals along with gender and laterality, although considerable heterogeneity and bias were detected.

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First Report of a Bifid Mandibular Canal Containing a Large Vein Draining into the Anterior Jugular Vein

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

The clinical anatomy of accessory mandibular canal in dentistry

The clinical anatomy of accessory mandibular canal in dentistry

What are the retromolar and bifid/trifid mandibular canals as seen on cone-beam computed tomography? Revisiting classic gross anatomy of the inferior alveolar nerve and correcting terminology

Bifid Mandibular Canal: A Proportional Meta-Analysis of Computed Tomography Studies

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