First operation of the SASE1 undulator system of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser

Abeghyan, Suren; Bagha-Shanjani, Majid; Chen, G; Englisch, Uwe; Karabekyan, S.; Li, Y; Preisskorn, F; Wolff-Fabris, F.; Wuenschel, M; Yakopov, Mikhail; Pflueger, J.

doi:10.1107/s1600577518017125

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Accessing an even higher photon energy of 45 keV, a fairly good lasing intensity of 0.16 mJ is shown, although the corresponding gain curve just steps into the saturation regime within the available total undulator length of the facility. Note that the existing undulators are used for this study, and that a possible upgrade to superconducting undulators with a controllable undulator period down to 2 cm and below is under consideration, which can further boost the accessible photon energies [13,14,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives towards Sub-Ångström Working Regime of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser with Low-Emittance Electron Beams

et al. 2021

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Sub-ångström working regime refers to a working state of free-electron lasers which allows the generation of hard X-rays at a photon wavelength of 1 ångström and below, that is, a photon energy of 12.5 keV and above. It is demonstrated that the accelerators of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser can provide highly energetic electron beams of up to 17.5 GeV. Along with long variable-gap undulators, the facility offers superior conditions for exploring self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in the sub-ångström regime. However, the overall FEL performance relies quantitatively on achievable electron beam qualities through a kilometers-long accelerator beamline. Low-emittance electron beam production and the associated start-to-end beam physics thus becomes a prerequisite to dig in the potentials of SASE performance towards higher photon energies. In this article, we present the obtained results on electron beam qualities produced with different accelerating gradients of 40 MV/m–56 MV/m at the cathode, as well as the final beam qualities in front of the undulators via start-to-end simulations considering realistic conditions. SASE studies in the sub-ångström regime, using optimized electron beams, are carried out at varied energy levels according to the present state of the facility, that is, a pulsed mode operating with a 10 Hz-repetition 0.65 ms-long bunch train energized to 14 GeV and 17.5 GeV. Millijoule-level SASE intensity is obtained at a photon energy of 25 keV at 14 GeV electron beam energy using a gain length of about 7 m. At 17.5 GeV, half-millijoule lasing is achieved at 40 keV. Lasing at up to 50 keV is demonstrated with pulse energies in the range of a few hundreds and tens of microjoules with existing undulators and currently achievable electron beam qualities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives towards Sub-Ångström Working Regime of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser with Low-Emittance Electron Beams

et al. 2021

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“…The SASE-2 undulator consists of 35 insertion devices in series each of 5 m length that generate the extremely intense pulsed X-ray beam via self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) (Abeghyan et al, 2019). Per definition the zero-point (source point) for distances along the photon beamline is set to the middle of the 33rd insertion device, i.e.…”

Section: Tunnel Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility

Madsen¹,

Hallmann²,

Ansaldi³

et al. 2021

J Synchrotron Radiat

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The Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) facility is described. EuXFEL is the first hard X-ray free-electron laser operating in the MHz repetition range which provides novel science opportunities. The aim of MID is to enable studies of nano-structured materials, liquids, and soft- and hard-condensed matter using the bright X-ray beams generated by EuXFEL. Particular emphasis is on studies of structure and dynamics in materials by coherent scattering and imaging using hard X-rays. Commission of MID started at the end of 2018 and first experiments were performed in 2019.

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“…1). After reaching energies of 11.5, 14, or 16.5 GeV, these electrons are distributed to three beamlines housing self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) undulators (Abeghyan et al, 2019) with horizontal polarization. Tuning of the photon energy is achieved independently in each beamline by adjusting the undulator gaps.…”

Section: European Xfel and The Sase2 Undulator Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Zastrau¹,

Appel²,

Baehtz³

et al. 2021

J Synchrotron Radiat

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The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012 photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5 MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25 keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.

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First operation of the SASE1 undulator system of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Perspectives towards Sub-Ångström Working Regime of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser with Low-Emittance Electron Beams

Perspectives towards Sub-Ångström Working Regime of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser with Low-Emittance Electron Beams

Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility

The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

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