Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility

Madsen, Anders; Hallmann, Jörg; Ansaldi, Gabriele; Roth, Thomas; Lu, Wei; Kim, Chan; Boesenberg, Ulrike; Zozulya, Alexey; Möller, Johannes; Shayduk, Roman; Scholz, Markus; Bartmann, Alexander; Schmidt, Albrecht; Lobato, Iker; Sukharnikov, K.; Reiser, M.; Kazarian, Karina; Petrov, Ilia

doi:10.1107/s1600577521001302

Cited by 48 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The raw data from the AGIPD were then elaborated by custom-made software; for more details see the supporting information or the work by Lehmkü hler et al (2020). At a later stage, additional data were taken at the MID instrument [see the work by Madsen et al (2021) for further information] specifically designed for coherence applications. The parameters were 9 keV photon energy, 7.3 m sample-to-detector distance and $10 mm Â 10 mm beam size, and repetition rates of 2.256, 1.128 and 0.564 MHz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsecond hydrodynamic interactions in dense colloidal dispersions probed at the European XFEL

Dallari

Jain

Sikorski

et al. 2021

IUCrJ

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Many soft-matter systems are composed of macromolecules or nanoparticles suspended in water. The characteristic times at intrinsic length scales of a few nanometres fall therefore in the microsecond and sub-microsecond time regimes. With the development of free-electron lasers (FELs) and fourth-generation synchrotron light-sources, time-resolved experiments in such time and length ranges will become routinely accessible in the near future. In the present work we report our findings on prototypical soft-matter systems, composed of charge-stabilized silica nanoparticles dispersed in water, with radii between 12 and 15 nm and volume fractions between 0.005 and 0.2. The sample dynamics were probed by means of X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, employing the megahertz pulse repetition rate of the European XFEL and the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector. We show that it is possible to correctly identify the dynamical properties that determine the diffusion constant, both for stationary samples and for systems driven by XFEL pulses. Remarkably, despite the high photon density the only observable induced effect is the heating of the scattering volume, meaning that all other X-ray induced effects do not influence the structure and the dynamics on the probed timescales. This work also illustrates the potential to control such induced heating and it can be predicted with thermodynamic models.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsecond hydrodynamic interactions in dense colloidal dispersions probed at the European XFEL

Dallari

Jain

Sikorski

et al. 2021

IUCrJ

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“…At the same time, the sample-detector distance is chosen to several meters. A standard configuration is d sd ≈ 5 m. Such a configuration is used at XPCS instruments at beamlines 8-ID (APS) [25,98], ID10 (ESRF), P10 (PETRA III), 11-ID (NSLS-II) [99], XCS at LCLS [26], as well as MID (European XFEL) [27]. All of those instruments enable as well WAXS studies.…”

Section: Experimental Parameters For Xpcs Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second generation of XPCS beamlines was built at PETRA III and NSLS II during the last decade, that provided an increase of coherent flux and more flexibility on scattering geometries. Finally, XPCS is also a driving force for FEL science, such as at the X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy (XCS) instrument at LCLS [26] or the Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European XFEL [27]. The development of XPCS is highlighted in Figure 2 showing the number of XPCS publications per year as well as the associated subject areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Femtoseconds to Hours—Measuring Dynamics over 18 Orders of Magnitude with Coherent X-rays

2021

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X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) enables the study of sample dynamics between micrometer and atomic length scales. As a coherent scattering technique, it benefits from the increased brilliance of the next-generation synchrotron radiation and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) sources. In this article, we will introduce the XPCS concepts and review the latest developments of XPCS with special attention on the extension of accessible time scales to sub-μs and the application of XPCS at FELs. Furthermore, we will discuss future opportunities of XPCS and the related technique X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy (XSVS) at new X-ray sources. Due to its particular signal-to-noise ratio, the time scales accessible by XPCS scale with the square of the coherent flux, allowing to dramatically extend its applications. This will soon enable studies over more than 18 orders of magnitude in time by XPCS and XSVS.

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“…The experiment was performed in air at the MID instrument. A detailed description of the instrument can be found in [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we demonstrated the measurement of sub-microsecond dynamics in soft matter systems using XPCS at the European XFEL [17,18]. We used the AGIPD that is installed at both the SPB/SFX [19] and the MID instrument, the latter is the preferred instrument for XPCS and XSVS experiments due to the long sample-detector distance of up to 8 m [20]. The tools that have been developed to analyze XPCS data at synchrotron radiation sources with commercial detectors like the Eiger series [21,22] are not capable of analyzing the complex datasets produced by the AGIPD that can reach volumes of up to Petabytes per week.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis Strategies for MHz XPCS at the European XFEL

et al. 2021

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The nanometer length-scale holds precious information on several dynamical processes that develop from picoseconds to seconds. In the past decades, X-ray scattering techniques have been developed to probe the dynamics at such length-scales on either ultrafast (sub-nanosecond) or slow ((milli-)second) time scales. With the start of operation of the European XFEL, thanks to the MHz repetition rate of its X-ray pulses, even the intermediate μs range have become accessible. Measuring dynamics on such fast timescales requires the development of new technologies such as the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD). μs-XPCS is a promising technique to answer many scientific questions regarding microscopic structural dynamics, especially for soft condensed matter systems. However, obtaining reliable results with complex detectors at free-electron laser facilities is challenging and requires more sophisticated analysis methods compared to experiments at storage rings. Here, we discuss challenges and possible solutions to perform XPCS experiments with the AGIPD at European XFEL; in particular, at the Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument. We present our data analysis pipeline and benchmark the results obtained at the MID instrument with a well-known sample composed by silica nanoparticles dispersed in water.

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Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility

Cited by 48 publications

References 32 publications

Microsecond hydrodynamic interactions in dense colloidal dispersions probed at the European XFEL

Microsecond hydrodynamic interactions in dense colloidal dispersions probed at the European XFEL

From Femtoseconds to Hours—Measuring Dynamics over 18 Orders of Magnitude with Coherent X-rays

Analysis Strategies for MHz XPCS at the European XFEL

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