First Nearctic record of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a pest of cruciferous crops from Europe

Hallett, Rebecca H.; Heal, James D.

doi:10.4039/ent133713-5

Cited by 54 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Contarinia nasturtii, a common insect pest in Europe (Frey et al 2004) and a new invasive pest in Canada (Hallett and Heal 2001) and the United States (Kikkert et al 2006), causes severe damage to cruciferous crops. Currently, many counties in Canada and the United States in which C. nasturtii has not been previously reported are facing the threat of being infested by C. nasturtii (Olfert et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Soil Type, Moisture, and Depth on Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Pupation and Emergence

Chen

Shelton

2007

Environmental Entomology

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Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a common insect pest in Europe and a new invasive pest in North America, causes severe damage to cruciferous crops. Currently, many counties in Canada and the United States in which C. nasturtii has not been previously reported are at risk of being infested by C. nasturtii. Effectiveness of chemical control is limited, especially under high population pressure in Þelds, because the cryptic habits of C. nasturtii protect them from insecticidal sprays. Alternative management strategies against C. nasturtii that are needed to protect crucifers and soil management for the pupal stage were studied as one option. Six different types of soils (loam Þne sand, Þne sand, clay loam, muck, Chenango shale loam, and silt loam soil) were collected from commercial cabbage Þelds in New York and studied in the laboratory for their impact on C. nasturtii pupation and emergence. The results indicated that extremely wet or dry soils signiÞcantly hindered C. nasturtii emergence, regardless of soil type, suggesting that soil type alone may not be a major factor regulating C. nasturtii abundance. Optimal moisture content for C. nasturtii emergence varied for different soils. Most C. nasturtii pupated within the top 1 cm of soil. Furthermore, we found that Ͼ5 cm of soil cover effectively reduced the emergence number and delayed the time of emergence. Based on these results, we suggest that soil manipulation (moisture content and cultivation practices) should be considered as an important component in an overall integrated pest management program for C. nasturtii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Soil Type, Moisture, and Depth on Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Pupation and Emergence

Chen

Shelton

2007

Environmental Entomology

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“…In many parts of Europe, Swede midge is considered a major pest with frequent crop losses in spite of regular chemical treatments (den Ouden et al 1987). Before 2000, it was not known to occur in North America, although damage symptoms typical of Swede midge on crucifer crops were observed in Ontario, Canada, in 1996 (Hallett andHeal 2001).…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Crop losses due to Swede midge on some farms in Ontario, CA, have been reported to be as much as 85% (Hallett and Heal 2001). Researchers in the United States and Canada have been actively testing various strategies to control Swede midge and prevent its further spread in North America.…”

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Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Ten Years of Invasion of Crucifer Crops in North America

Chen¹,

Shelton²,

Hallett³

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

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The Swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a common insect pest in Europe, is a newly invasive pest in North America that constitutes a major threat to cruciferous vegetable and field crops. Since its first identification in Ontario, Canada, in 2000, it has rapidly spread to 65 counties in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec and has recently been found in canola (one of two cultivars of rapeseed, Brassica napus L. and Brassica campestris L.) in the central Prairie region where the majority of Canada's 6.5 million ha (16 million acres) of canola is grown. The first detection of Swede midge in the United States was in 2004 in New York cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), but it has now been found in four additional states. Here, we review the biology of Swede midge, its host plant range, distribution, economic impact, pest status, and management strategies. We provide insight into this insect's future potential to become an endemic pest of brassica crops in North America. We also proposed research needed to develop tactics for handling this invasive pest in brassica crops.

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“…The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was Þrst discovered in North America in 2000 in southern Ontario, Canada, and it has been subsequently found in the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Saskatchewan, as well as in the U.S. states of New York, Massachusetts, and New Jersey (Hallett and Heal 2001;CFIA 2006CFIA , 2008Kikkert et al 2006) and most recently in Connecticut (http://www.hort. uconn.edu/ipm/general/biocntrl/swedemidge.htm).…”

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Insecticide Management Strategies for Control of Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Cole Crops

Hallett¹,

Chen²,

Sears³

et al. 2009

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Insecticide field trials were conducted in Ontario, Canada, and New York state to identify insecticides effective against the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new invasive pest in North America. Field trials indicated that foliar applications of lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos, and dimethoate could provide control of C. nasturtii. Foliar insecticide applications were effective in keeping damage within marketable limits in all cabbage and some broccoli trials during the early phase of regional colonization by C. nasturtii (2001-2002). However by 2005-2006, treatments were rarely able to maintain damage levels within marketable limits. Low efficacy suggested the possibility of insecticide resistance in Canadian C. nasturtii populations, but laboratory assays revealed no evidence for resistance. Thus, eventual control failures on a season-long basis were apparently due to very high populations during later phases of colonization in Ontario. Early season applications (e.g., seed treatments, greenhouse plug tray drenches and/or band sprays) of neonicotinoid insecticides proved effective for 3-5 wk after transplanting in New York. These early season treatments would require supplemental control with foliar insecticides, but would reduce the number of foliar applications required and thus reduce insecticide usage. Our results suggest that acceptable control with foliar insecticides will be difficult where C. nasturtii populations are high, because of multiple and overlapping generations, and difficulty in achieving adequate spray coverage. An integrated pest management program that uses cultural control methods and host plant resistance, with judicious use of insecticides, is needed for sustainable management of this newly invasive pest.

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First Nearctic record of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a pest of cruciferous crops from Europe

Cited by 54 publications

References 2 publications

Impact of Soil Type, Moisture, and Depth on Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Pupation and Emergence

Impact of Soil Type, Moisture, and Depth on Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Pupation and Emergence

Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Ten Years of Invasion of Crucifer Crops in North America

Insecticide Management Strategies for Control of Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Cole Crops

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