First molecular characterization of canine parvovirus strains in Sardinia, Italy

Abstract

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is responsible of acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in young dogs. CPV-2 emerged in 1978 in the USA, but new antigenic types, CPV-2a, 2b and 2c, have completely replaced the original type. In this study, we analyzed 81 animals collected in Sardinia, Italy. The VP2 sequence analysis of 27 positive samples showed that all antigenic CPV-2 types are circulating. CPV-2b seems to be the most widespread variant, followed by CPV-2a. Furthermore, 12 CPV-2b strains displayed further amino acid substitutions and formed a separate cluster in a phylogenetic tree, indicating regional genetic variation.

Spreading of canine parvovirus type 2c mutants of Asian origin in southern Italy

“…Previous studies provided information on the CPV strains spreading in Italy (Decaro, Desario, et al, ; Decaro et al, , ; Dei Giudici et al, ; Mira, Dowgier, et al, ; Purpari et al, ; Tucciarone et al, ), suggesting the need of a continuous epidemiological survey to evaluate the CPV circulation and evolution, whereas limited data are available on the spread of novel strains imported from other continents (Mira, Purpari, Lorusso, et al, ). The aim of this study was the detection and molecular analysis of CPV strains displaying genetic features of Asian viruses spreading in southern Italy.…”

Molecular and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) in dogs in southeast Anatolia, Turkey

“…Although CPV-2 has a DNA genome, it displays high rates of nucleotide changes leading to the emergence of new variants (2a/2b/2c) (Shackelton et al 2005; Pérez et al 2012). Canine parvovirus-2a/2b variants are prevalent in both Asian countries, such as China, Korea, India and Japan (Geng et al 2015; Zhao et al 2016), and European countries, such as Italy (Dei Giudici et al 2017), Greece (Ntafis et al 2010), Portugal (Miranda & Thompson 2016) and Switzerland (Nandi & Kumar 2010). The CPV-2c variant has been reported on several continents, including Europe (Portugal, Greece, ltaly, Spain, France, Belgium, Sweden and the United Kingdom) (Decaro & Buonavoglia 2012; Decora et al 2006; Mira et al 2017; Ntafis et al 2010; Sutton et al 2013), Africa (Tunisia), South America (Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina) (Calderon et al 2009), Australia (Woolford et al 2017) and Asia (Geng et al 2015; Nandi & Kumar 2010; Sheikh et al 2017).…”

“…The VP2 protein, which has amino acid residues at 87, 101, 297, 300, 305, 323, 324, 375 and 440, is a major antigenic determinant that plays a pivotal role in the host distribution of the virus and an important role in modulating host response. Additionally, changes in the VP2 protein amino acid residues may increase pathogenicity (Dei Giudici et al 2017; Muz et al 2012). In this study, we detected amino acid residues substitutions on the VP2 protein at 297, 300, 305, 323, 324, 426, 375 and 440 (Table 3).…”

“…The VP2 capsid protein is the most important viral determinant for host range. Amino acid mutations of this protein have important biological consequences, such as canine–feline host range and antigenic properties (Calderon et al 2009; Dei Giudici et al 2017; Mira et al 2017; Muz et al 2012).…”

“…The distribution of CPV-2 variants varies between countries, and the CPV-2a/2b/2c variants currently circulate at different rates. For example, recent epidemiological investigations have revealed that CPV-2a is the main variant circulating in Australia (Woolford et al 2017), India (Nandi & Kumar 2010), Korea (Geng et al 2015) and Greece (Ntafis et al 2010), while CPV-2b has been reported in Taiwan (Chou et al 2011), Italy (Dei Giudici et al 2017; Mira et al 2018; Tucciarone et al 2018), South Africa, North America, Greece (Ntafis et al 2010) and Iraq (Sheikh et al 2017). The CPV-2c variant has also been identified in Spain, the United States (US), Portugal, Germany (Decaro &Buonavoglia 2012; Pérez et al 2012), Argentina (Calderon et al 2009), Uruguay (Pérez et al 2012) and Sweden (Sutton et al 2013).…”