Fire reaction properties of polystyrene-based nanocomposites using nanosilica and nanoclay as additives in cone calorimeter test

Ahmed, Lubna; Zhang, Bin; Shen, Ruiqing; Agnew, Robert J.; Park, Haejun; Cheng, Zhengdong; Mannan, M. Sam; Wang, Qingsheng

doi:10.1007/s10973-018-7127-9

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Beyond 1 wt % of OMMT loading, the tensile properties of the nanocomposites start to decline. A similar phenomena is also reported elsewhere [32,45,58]. Several possible reasons may contribute to this observation, such as the micro voids formation during sample preparation due to the weak boundaries between the particles and air-trapped bubbles [59].…”

Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The improvement of the thermal stability at a high temperature may be attributed to the silicate layer acting as a protective barrier to hinder the moving out of volatile products generated during the decomposition process. In addition, the charring capability induced by clay minerals through its catalytic effects and reinforcement of char structure is also an important characteristic to improve the thermal stability of the nanocomposites by reducing the mass transport and permeability of oxygen [44,45]. Thus, epoxy/1% OMMT nanocomposites reveal the best thermal stability performance due the best intercalation morphology obtained among all the nanocomposites.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Bi-Functionalized MMT on Morphology, Thermal Stability, Dynamic Mechanical, and Tensile Properties of Epoxy/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Chee

Jawaid

2019

Polymers

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In this work, the optimum filler loading to prepare epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites by the in-situ polymerization method was studied. Bi-functionalized montmorillonite at different filler loading (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 wt %) was dispersed in epoxy resin by using a high shear speed homogenizer. The effect on morphology, thermal, dynamic mechanical, and tensile properties of the epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites were studied in this work. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) studies revealed that possible intercalated structures were obtained in epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites exhibit higher thermal stability at the maximum and final decomposition temperature, as well as higher char content, compared to pristine epoxy. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicate that storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), cross-link density and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites were improved with organoclay loading up to 1 wt %. Beyond this loading limit, the deterioration of properties was observed. A similar trend was also observed on tensile strength and modulus. We concluded from this study that organoclay loading up to 1 wt % is suitable for further study to fabricate hybrid nanocomposites for various applications.

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Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Thermal Stability Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bi-Functionalized MMT on Morphology, Thermal Stability, Dynamic Mechanical, and Tensile Properties of Epoxy/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Chee

Jawaid

2019

Polymers

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“…This could be attributed to their high surface area and the difference in flame-retardant action mechanism [ 61 , 70 ]. Nanoclays are effective for fabricating flame-retardant nanostructured platforms and coatings [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ] and flame-retardant nanocomposites [ 75 , 76 ]. This can be recognized from the commercially available two products based on synergistic enhancements of clay nanocomposites for fire safety applications, which are: (1) a Wire & Cable jacket material (organoclay + aluminum hydroxide) produced by Kabelwerk Eupen AG; and (2) a series of polypropylene + organoclay + flame-retardant systems (Maxxam™ FR) produced by PolyOne ® [ 77 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of pH-Indicative and Flame-Retardant Nanocomposite Films for Smart Packaging Applications

Abu-Thabit

Hakeem

Mezghani

et al. 2020

Sensors

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There is an increasing demand for sustainable and safe packaging technologies to improve consumer satisfaction, reduce food loss during storage and transportation, and track the quality status of food throughout its distribution. This study reports the fabrication of colorimetric pH-indicative and flame-retardant nanocomposite films (NCFs) based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nanoclays for smart and safe food packaging applications. Tough, flexible, and transparent NCFs were obtained using 15% nanoclay loading (PVA-15) with superior properties, including low solubility/swelling in water and high thermal stability with flame-retardant behavior. The NCFs showed average mechanical properties that are comparable to commercial films for packaging applications. The color parameters were recorded at different pH values and the prepared NCFs showed distinctive colorimetric pH-responsive behavior during the transition from acidic to alkaline medium with high values for the calculated color difference (∆E ≈ 50). The prepared NCFs provided an effective way to detect the spoilage of the shrimp samples via monitoring the color change of the NCFs during the storage period. The current study proposes the prepared NCFs as renewable candidates for smart food packaging featuring colorimetric pH-sensing for monitoring food freshness as well as a safer alternative choice for applications that demand films with fire-retardant properties.

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“…Although polymers present high versatility to build up new materials, they are a matter of concern specially due to their high flammability . The addition of flame retardants to the polymer matrix is a wide employed method due to its low cost of processing and independence of the process of manufacture of the polymer itself …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR evaluation of montmorillonite's d‐spacings on the formation of phosphocarbonaceous species in intumescent systems

Silva

Martins

Cescon

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To further investigate the influence of the d‐spacing of montmorillonite types derived from Cloisite Na on the process of the intumescent layer formation, composites of poly(ethylene‐co‐butylacrylate), EBA‐30, with an intumescent formulation consisting of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol were processed and heated at different temperatures. The residues were analyzed by 13C, 31P, and 27Al solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 13C NMR peaks in the aromatic range of 100–150 ppm for samples heated at 350 °C suggest that the montmorillonites with smaller d‐spacing (13.5 and 21.8 Å) accounted for the greater amounts of condensed aromatic structures, leading to the char. For d‐spacing of 35 Å, the condensation of the polyaromatic structures occurs more slowly, retarding the char formation. The 27Al NMR peak around −15 ppm for samples heated at 280 °C indicates the destruction of montmorillonite structure, producing aluminophosphate species, meaning that the d‐spacing influences the reactions under this temperature. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48053.

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Fire reaction properties of polystyrene-based nanocomposites using nanosilica and nanoclay as additives in cone calorimeter test

Cited by 59 publications

References 28 publications

The Effect of Bi-Functionalized MMT on Morphology, Thermal Stability, Dynamic Mechanical, and Tensile Properties of Epoxy/Organoclay Nanocomposites

The Effect of Bi-Functionalized MMT on Morphology, Thermal Stability, Dynamic Mechanical, and Tensile Properties of Epoxy/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Preparation of pH-Indicative and Flame-Retardant Nanocomposite Films for Smart Packaging Applications

NMR evaluation of montmorillonite's d‐spacings on the formation of phosphocarbonaceous species in intumescent systems

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