Finite Fault Modeling of Strong Ground Motions Using a Hybrid Deterministic-Stochastic Approach

Pacor, Francesca; Cultrera, Giovanna; Mendez, Andres; Cocco, M.

doi:10.1785/0120030163

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In this work we use three well-known simulation methods: the stochastic finite-fault simulation code (EXSIM, Motazedian and Atkinson, 2005;Boore, 2009), the hybrid deterministic-stochastic approach with approximated Green's functions (DSM, Pacor et al, 2005), and the broadband hybrid integral-composite technique with full-wavefield Green's functions (HIC, Gallovič and Brokešová, 2007). Table 1 summarizes the main characteristics of each technique in terms of source and path parameters; Table 2 reports the input modeling parameters later described.…”

Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distance-dependent duration of seismograms. DSM (Pacor et al, 2005;Ameri et al, 2009) An acceleration envelope is computed by the isochrone theory at any given site: the duration is defined by rupture propagation crustal propagation. The envelope amplitude is modulated for the slip distributions on the fault.…”

Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods are able to generate realistic seismograms in the frequency band of engineering concern, close to the causative fault (e.g., Zollo et al, 1997;Mai and Beroza, 2003;Motazedian and Atkinson, 2005;Pacor et al, 2005;Gallovič and Brokešová, 2007;) and can be used to perform earthquake scenarios studies (Aagaard et al, 2008;Ameri et al, 2008;Cultrera et al, 2010). However, these methods are generally considered as advanced tools in hazard assessment framework, because compared with GMPEs, they require a larger number of seismological data about the earthquake source and the propagation medium, which are often uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Abstract In this paper, we adopt three ground-motion simulation techniques (the stochastic finite-fault simulation code from Motazedian and Atkinson, 2005; the hybrid deterministic-stochastic approach with approximated Green's functions from Pacor et al, 2005; and the broadband hybrid integral-composite technique with full-wavefield Green's functions from Gallovič and Brokešová, 2007), with the aim of investigating the different performances in near-fault strong-motion modeling and prediction from past and future events. The test case is the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia earthquake, the strongest event recorded in Italy in the last 30 years.

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confidence: 99%

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Ground-Motion Simulations for the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia Earthquake (Southern Italy) and Scenario Events

Ameri

Emolo

Pacor

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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In this paper, we adopt three ground-motion simulation techniques (the stochastic finite-fault simulation code from Motazedian and Atkinson, 2005; the hybrid deterministic-stochastic approach with approximated Green's functions from Pacor et al., 2005; and the broadband hybrid integral-composite technique with full-wavefield Green's functions from Gallovič and Brokešová, 2007), with the aim of investigating the different performances in near-fault strong-motion modeling and prediction from past and future events. The test case is the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia earthquake, the strongest event recorded in Italy in the last 30 years. First, we simulate the recorded strong-motion data and validate the model parameters by computing spectral acceleration and peak amplitude residual distributions. The validated model is then used to investigate the influence of site effects and to compute synthetic ground motions around the fault. Afterward, we simulate the expected ground motions from scenario events on the Irpinia fault, varying the hypocenters, the rupture velocities, and the slip distributions. We compare the median ground motions and related standard deviations from all scenario events with empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The synthetic median values are included in the median 1 standard deviation of the considered GMPEs. Synthetic peak ground accelerations show median values smaller and with a faster decay with distance than the empirical ones. The synthetics total standard deviation is of the same order or smaller than the empirical one, and it shows considerable differences from one simulation technique to another. We decomposed the total standard deviation into its between-scenario and within-scenario components. The larger contribution to the total sigma comes from the latter, while the former is found to be smaller and in good agreement with empirical interevent variability.Online Material: Comparison of observed and simulated waveforms and spectra.

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Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ground-Motion Simulations for the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia Earthquake (Southern Italy) and Scenario Events

Ameri

Emolo

Pacor

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…Hanks and McGuire (1981) state that it is virtually impossible to deterministically synthesize high-frequency ground motion. They claim that it requires at least one stochastic parameter, as it is done in hybrid simulations (Pacor et al, 2005;Graves and Pitarka, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Ground-Motion Simulation Using Energy-Constrained Rise-Time Scaling

Kieling

Wang

Hainzl

2014

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The simulation of realistic ground motions associated with large earthquakes is of utmost importance for engineering concerns, for example, in testing the seismic performance of buildings. It is also needed to estimate the level of ground shaking for future earthquakes. In this paper, we focus on two aspects of groundmotion modeling. First, we use deterministic wave propagation for the entire frequency range but account for source variability by implementing self-similar slip distributions and rough fault interfaces. Second, we scale the rise time of the source time function so that the modeled waveforms represent the correct radiated seismic energy. The method is validated for the 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake and the 2003 Tokachi-Oki, Japan, earthquake. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach with regard to changes of the assumed rupture velocity. We find the fine source discretizations combined with the small scale source variability ensure that the high frequencies (1-8 Hz) are satisfactorily introduced, justifying the deterministic wave propagation approach even at high frequencies. The adjustment of the rise time via the radiated seismic energy permits a simulation without making assumptions on the stress drop, as is usually done by other modeling approaches. By varying different parameters, such as the energy magnitude, the simulation approach could be especially useful for estimating the range of possible ground motions issuing from a distinct fault in a future earthquake. The rise-time scaling may also be used for seismogram modeling in the context of early-response systems as the energy magnitude, which is the parameter needed for the scaling, is available shortly after the earthquake.Online Material: Tables of kinematic rupture models for

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Diminishing high‐frequency directivity due to a source effect: Empirical evidence from small earthquakes in the Abruzzo region, Italy

Pacor

Gallovič

Puglia

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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The aim of this study is to investigate the directivity effects of ~250 aftershocks (magnitudes 3–5.5) of the Mw 6.1 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy). To this end, we estimate the apparent source spectra at each station removing path and site effects inferred by standard Generalized Inversion Technique. Then, we evaluate the residuals between the apparent source spectra and the event mean source spectrum at selected frequencies. We investigate azimuthal and frequency dependence of the residuals for 40 events with the best station coverage. For most of events with the strongest directivity effect (Mw 3.4–4.0), we observe a remarkable decrease of the directivity amplification at high frequencies, which has not yet been documented for such relatively small‐magnitude events. Since there is negligible distance dependence, we ascribe this observation to a source phenomenon such as significant small‐scale rupture propagation complexity.

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Finite Fault Modeling of Strong Ground Motions Using a Hybrid Deterministic-Stochastic Approach

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Ground-Motion Simulations for the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia Earthquake (Southern Italy) and Scenario Events

Ground-Motion Simulations for the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia Earthquake (Southern Italy) and Scenario Events

Broadband Ground-Motion Simulation Using Energy-Constrained Rise-Time Scaling

Diminishing high‐frequency directivity due to a source effect: Empirical evidence from small earthquakes in the Abruzzo region, Italy

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