Fine structural analysis of the stinger in venom apparatus of the scorpion Euscorpius mingrelicus (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)

Abstract

ABSTRACT:In this study, the morphology, histology and fine structure of the stinger, a part of the venom apparatus of Euscorpius mingrelicus (Kessler, 1874) (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The stinger, located at the end section of the telson, is sickle-shaped. The venom is ejected through a pair of venom pores on its subterminal portion. Both venom ducts extend along the stinger without contact with each other since they are separated by connective tissue cells. The stinger cuticle is composed of two layers. Additionally, there are many pore canals and some hemolymph vessels in the cuticle. This work constitutes the first histological and fine structure study on Euscorpius mingrelicus stinger.

Toxicological and epidemiological studies of scorpion sting cases and morphological characterization of scorpions (Leiurusquin questriatus and Androctonus crassicauda) in Luxor, Egypt

“…In scorpions, we observed short and curved setae (sensillae) are scattered and covered all over the scorpion’s body and sensitive to direct touch that resembles with [40]. As viewed under the scanning electron microscope, the venom apparatus of scorpion is situated in the telson and is composed of a pair of venom glands and a stinger that agrees with [41].…”

Study of biomechanical, anatomical, and physiological properties of scorpion stingers for developing biomimetic materials

“…1). The slender abdomen is segmented, with the last five segments forming the tail, which is also referred to as the metasoma [24,25]. The venom apparatus is situated at the terminal segment (i.e., telson) and consists of a basal bulb and a sickle-shaped stinger (i.e., aculeus).…”

Euscorpius (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae): three cases of stings in northwestern Italy

“…Scorpion stings account for a significant number of poisoning cases that occur annually throughout the globe (8). The most dangerous species to humans belong to the genera Leiurus, Androctonus, Buthus, Tityus, and Centruroides (Buthidae family) (7)(8)(9).…”

“…The most dangerous species to humans belong to the genera Leiurus, Androctonus, Buthus, Tityus, and Centruroides (Buthidae family) (7)(8)(9). Seven geographic areas are identified as most risky: North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Near East, the Middle East, parts of India, Central America and Latin America (8,(10)(11)(12).…”

“…The most dangerous species to humans belong to the genera Leiurus, Androctonus, Buthus, Tityus, and Centruroides (Buthidae family) (7)(8)(9). Seven geographic areas are identified as most risky: North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Near East, the Middle East, parts of India, Central America and Latin America (8,(10)(11)(12). In a few of these regions (Africa, the Middle East and India), scorpions comprise a serious public health problem with elevated annual rates of poisonings (5,9,12,13).…”