Financing Development Through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Botswana

Botlhale, Emmanuel

doi:10.4102/apsdpr.v4i1.105

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The Government of Botswana's view is that PPPs empower small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) to enhance economic growth and employment opportunities (Republic of Botswana, 2009). Despite the significance of PPPs in fostering entrepreneurial opportunities, research in Botswana focussed mainly on PPPs in housing delivery (Kalabamu & Lyamuya, 2017), development finance (Botlhale, 2016) and health (Ramiah & Reich, 2005). This gap calls for entrepreneurship research to investigate PPPs as one of the significant elements of entrepreneurial ecosystems.…”

Section: Social Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the participants did not explicitly mention PPPs as a factor in their entrepreneurial ecosystems. Botlhale (2016) argues that there had previously been a slow uptake of PPPs in Botswana, as evidenced by few current PPP projects, but that this is improving. This presents an opportunity for future research to explore the role of PPPs in female entrepreneurial ecosystems.…”

Section: Institutional Conditions: the Role Of Government And Private Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entrepreneurial ecosystems created by woman entrepreneurs in Botswana

Mamabolo

Lekoko

2021

South African Journal of Business Management

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore how woman entrepreneurs in a developing country context such as Botswana create their own entrepreneurial ecosystems that support their business-venturing activities.Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative research collected data via in-depth interviews from a purposive sample of 11 women who owned established enterprises in Gaborone, Botswana.Findings/results: Firstly, woman entrepreneurs in Botswana displayed entrepreneurial behaviours, skills and characteristics, an ability to overcome marginalisation and a positive attitude towards failure. Secondly, the entrepreneurial ecosystems created by women included social capital ties, human capital development, alternative funding mechanisms, access to local and international markets and inclusion of digital technology as part of the ecosystem. The woman entrepreneurs were influenced by the entrepreneurial institutional conditions in Botswana. Lastly, the findings showed the significance of changes to each component of the entrepreneurial ecosystem across the stages of the entrepreneurial journey.Practical implications: In a context of limited entrepreneurial resources, woman entrepreneurs should build their own ecosystem by leveraging the existing social networks and collaborating with local and international stakeholders. Government should design tailor-made entrepreneurial programmes and foster public and private partnerships to support the advancement of woman entrepreneurs. Lastly, ecosystem players including private institutions should collaborate to support women-owned entrepreneurial ventures.Originality/value: This study adopted an alternative view that woman entrepreneurs can be the key drivers of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. This system must be built up from the level of the women entrepreneurs to better understand their specific stance and also the context in which they operate.

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Section: Social Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Institutional Conditions: the Role Of Government And Private Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial ecosystems created by woman entrepreneurs in Botswana

Mamabolo

Lekoko

2021

South African Journal of Business Management

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“…PPPs has become the in thing in the development discourse and alternative financing, including down market urban housing. There has been realization that efficiencies can be attained by the public and private working together (International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), 2011; Botlhale, 2020;Colverson, 2011;Osbourne, 2000;United Nations, 2008). Application of PPPs in infrastructure is driven by the concept of public sector management reforms which includes NPM, whose major premise is the need to run governments such as businesses ventures; and the fiscal pressures that have engulfed JFMPC 25,2 public bodies, as the global financial crisis (AfDB, 2015;Ala Gore, 1993).…”

Section: General and Specific Application Of Public Private Partnershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced role of private sector through public private partnerships in low income urban housing in Kenya

Giti

K'Akumu

Ondieki

2020

JFMPC

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Purpose Low income urban housing in Kenya is underdeveloped as a result of uninnovative financing, hence the many slums and informal settlements in the country, hence the need for enhanced participation of the private sector through application of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), which has been cited as one of the possible solutions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and make predictions of the need for enhanced role of private sector in developing low income urban housing in Kenya through PPPs. Design/methodology/approach Delphi method of research was used to forecast the enhanced role of private sector through PPPs in the development of low income urban housing in Kenya. Three rounds Delphi iterations using three panels of housing financiers (30 in number), housing developers (28 in number) and housing practitioners (30 in number) were used. Data was collected through questionnaires throughout the three rounds, where the first round was exploratory in nature, the second round built on answers from round one, while round three was based on answers from round two, after which the mean and standard deviation values were calculated to show the level of consensus. Findings Results showed that PPPs is one of the plausible ways through which low income urban housing in Kenya can be developed to address its shortage. Private sector in PPP transaction brings innovative technology, finance and efficiency, while government brings its assets such as land and other regulations long term contracts. Research limitations/implications The research was focussed on the Nairobi city county area in analysing the need for enhanced role of the private parties. It focussed on a panel of Housing practitioners-officers in the State Department for housing and Nairobi city county; housing financiers and housing developers, without interviewing the beneficiaries of the method. Practical implications It was, therefore, found out that PPPs models are applicable in developing low income urban housing because the country has the enabling environment for its effective application going forward. The implication of this study is that low income urban housing can be developed through the model. Social implications The slums and informal settlements will have adequate, affordable and quality housing being introduced within their neighbourhoods, which reduces political and societal animosities. Originality/value This research has benefited from published literature on PPPs and original research on PPPs.

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“…Application of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) has been proposed as one of the policy and development alternatives to reduce the current housing backlogs (Ibem and Aduwo, 2012;Eadie et al, 2013;Birner and Wittmer, 2004;Hammani et al, 2006;Warner and Sullivan, 2017;Carroll and Steane, 2000). The major drive towards private sector participation in down market urban housing through PPPs is based on the fact that: Private sector is more flexible in terms of time, costs and ideological shift than the public sector, therefore its participation reduces the government financial burdens (Alexandru, 2015;Goldsmith, 2014;Botlhale, 2016;Ghobadian et al, 2004;Walker and Smith, 1995). Private sector possesses more skills, knowledge and technology with which it can be used to provide quality and superior facilities.…”

Section: The Housing Challenge In Kenyamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPPs offer many benefits when applied in infrastructural provision: they help to improve the overall quantity and quality of infrastructure; and are applicable across public sector infrastructural needs in areas of housing, hospitals and schools. PPPs have the ability to make projects complete on time and budget, but also governments retain strategic control of the infrastructure asset and services derived from it (Botlhale, 2016;International Project Finance Association, 2015;Olusola et al, 2012;World Bank, 2009). Despite these benefits of applying PPPs, it must be pointed that the model is a complicated one and may require special capacities to structure and make it lead to a lowering of prices.…”

Section: The Housing Challenge In Kenyamentioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of down market urban housing in Kenya through strategic application of public private partnerships

Giti¹,

Kâ€TMAkumu²,

Ondieki³

2019

J. Geogr. Reg. Plann.

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Article 43 1 (b) of the constitution of Kenya (2010), alongside other international treaties which the country is party to, obligates the state to provide housing for all Kenyans. These instruments place a greater emphasis on the slums and informal settlements upgrading and development, key among which is down market urban housing. Down market urban housing is principally housing for the low income urban households, or low cost housing. There are many challenges on this endeavour in Kenya, key among them being the application of outdated technologies, inadequate innovation, inadequate financing and low application of efficiency, effectiveness and economy considerations. This situation has led to backlogs in housing supply. The State Department of Housing in Kenya puts the demand for housing at 250,000 units per year while the supply is 50,000 units, creating an annual deficit of 200,000 units. Stakeholders have therefore scouted for alternative methods of addressing these gaps and PPPs have been cited as one of the possible solution to address the undersupply of down market urban housing. This study utilized the Delphi method to gauge the prospects of providing down market urban housing through strategic application of PPPs. It was found out that there are high prospects for applying PPPs in housing delivery. The public sector should come up with PPP models which can work locally, it should incentivise the private sector and more so create enabling environment. It was concluded that PPPs are applicable in the provision of down market urban housing with the right structuring. The recommendations made for Kenya and developing countries are to adopt application of PPPs if the country were to reduce the huge backlogs in housing.

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Financing Development Through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Botswana

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Entrepreneurial ecosystems created by woman entrepreneurs in Botswana

Entrepreneurial ecosystems created by woman entrepreneurs in Botswana

Enhanced role of private sector through public private partnerships in low income urban housing in Kenya

Provision of down market urban housing in Kenya through strategic application of public private partnerships

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