FightHPV: Design and Evaluation of a Mobile Game to Raise Awareness About Human Papillomavirus and Nudge People to Take Action Against Cervical Cancer

Abstract

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally. High-risk HPV types can cause cervical cancer, other anogenital cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer; low-risk HPV types can cause genital warts. Cervical cancer is highly preventable through HPV vaccination and screening; however, a lack of awareness and knowledge of HPV and these preventive strategies represents an important barrier to reducing the burden of the disease. The rapid development and widespread use of mobile technologies in the last few years present an opportunity to overcome this lack of knowledge and create new, effective, and modern health communication strategies. Objective This study aimed to describe the development of a mobile app called FightHPV, a game-based learning tool that educates mobile technology users about HPV, the disease risks associated with HPV infection, and existing preventive methods. Methods The first version of FightHPV was improved in a design-development-evaluation loop, which incorporated feedback from a beta testing study of 40 participants, a first focus group of 6 participants aged between 40 and 50 years and a second focus group of 23 participants aged between 16 and 18 years. Gameplay data from the beta testing study were collected using Google Analytics (Google), whereas feedback from focus groups was evaluated qualitatively. Of the 29 focus group participants, 26 returned self-administered questionnaires. HPV knowledge before and after playing the game was evaluated in the 22 participants from the second focus group who returned a questionnaire. Results FightHPV communicates concepts about HPV, associated diseases and their prevention by representing relationships among 14 characters in 6 episodes of 10 levels each, with each level being represented by a puzzle. Main concepts were reinforced with text explanations. Beta testing revealed that many players either failed or had to retry several times before succeeding at the more difficult levels in the game. It also revealed that players gave up at around level 47 of 60, which prompted the redesign of FightHPV to increase accessibility to all episodes. Focus group discussions led to several improvements in the user experience and dissemination of health information in the game, such as making all episodes available from the beginning of the game and rewriting the information in a more appealing way. Among the 26 focus group participants who returned a questionnaire, all stated that FightHPV is an appealing educational tool, 69% (18/26) reported that they liked the game, and 81% (21/26) stated that the game was challenging. We observed an increase in HPV knowledge after playing the game ( P =.001). Conclusions FightHPV was easy to access, use, and it increased awareness about HPV infection, its consequences, and preventive measures. FightHPV can be used to educate ...

Burden and Prevention of HPV. Knowledge, Practices and Attitude Assessment Among Pre-Adolescents and their Parents in Italy

“…Finally, also a game-based learning tool (“Fight HPV”), dedicated to mobile technology users, has been developed and evaluated recently. This mobile app which focused on HPV infection and related diseases, cancer risks associated with HPV infection and preventive methods, such as vaccination and screening, has been appreciated by a focus group of 16-18 years old adolescents and has increased awareness among participants about HPV infection and preventive measures [ 60 ].…”

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Among a Subpopulation of Jordanian Women

“…Cervical cancer represents the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related demise worldwide (1)(2)(3). In addition, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading sexually-transmitted infection (STI) globally (4). Multiple clinical and epidemiological reports have clearly established the role of HPV infection as the primary etiologic factor of cervical cancer (5)(6)(7).…”

Utilizing Theories and Evaluation in Digital Gaming Interventions to Increase Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Young Males: Qualitative Study

“…To our current knowledge, there is only one interactive game that exclusively explores improving HPV vaccination for boys and girls aged 11 to 12 years [ 13 ]. In a 2019 study [ 17 ] conducted in Norway, researchers developed and released a mobile HPV game [ 17 ]. However, this game was not theory-based and is only meant to increase awareness and knowledge of HPV.…”