Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Among a Subpopulation of Jordanian Women

Abstract

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading sexually-transmitted infection (STI) worldwide and the main etiology of cervical cancer. HPV infection rates are important in directing vaccination policies and screening for cervical cancer. Unfortunately, no recent reports have evaluated the prevalence of this infection among Jordanian women despite major globalization-driven changes in sexual behavior. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and its genotypic distribution in the cervical samples of Jordanian women. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at Prince Hamza Hospital (Amman, Jordan) during 2016-2017. Women (15-75 years old) were randomly selected for cervical cell collection. DNA was extracted and then amplified using MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ consensus primers. Finally, positive samples were genotyped by applying real-time-polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blotting. Results: Fourteen out of 348 women tested positive for HPV with a prevalence rate of 4%. In addition, multiple HPV genotypes were observed in 36% (5/14) of infected women while single HPV genotype infection was found in 64% (9/14) of infected women. Further, high-risk (HR), potential high-risk (pHR), and low-risk (LR) HPV genotypes were detected in most cases with a 78.6% (11/14) infection rate, 42.9% (6/14), and 7.1% (1/14) of infected women, respectively. Eventually, 10 different genotypes were detected in infected women and HPV 16 was the most common type (42.9%, 6/14). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the prevalence of HPV infection among Jordanian women is below the global and regional rates. It is hoped that these data should facilitate the implementation of appropriate cervical cancer screening and future HPV vaccination programs.

Association of Human Papilloma Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Epstein–Barr Virus with Breast Cancer in Jordanian Women

“…Interestingly, the sole study examining the prevalence of BC among Jordanian women, conducted in 2020 by Al Hamad et al, reported HPV 18 as the most prevalent genotype in their studied subpopulation [28]. However, our findings are more consistent with all previous studies conducted in Jordan, which have collectively identified HPV 16 as the most predominant genotype among patients with cervical and oropharyngeal cancers [17,18,[36][37][38].…”

“…HPV detection and genotyping were conducted using the REALQUALITY RQ-Multi HPV detection kit (AB ANALITICA, Padua, Italy), as previously described [17]. This kit enables the identification of 28 HPV genotypes, including 14 high-risk (16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59, 66, 68), 6 potential high-risk (26,53,67,70,73,82), and 8 low-risk (6,11,40,42,43,44,55,83) types. It amplifies a short sequence within the E6 and E7 genes of the HPV genome, individually detecting HPV 16 and HPV 18 genotypes, while other genotypes are detected as pools.…”

“…Several viruses fall into this category including the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [12], the human papilloma virus (HPV) [13], the cytomegalovirus (CMV) [14], and others [15,16]. These viruses are linked to various cancers, including neuroblastoma, B cell lymphomas, and cervical and oropharyngeal cancers [17][18][19][20]. The association between being infected with these viruses and the occurrence of BC is still a matter of active research with no conclusive evidence.…”

Are Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus and Bovine Leukemia Virus Linked to Breast Cancer among Jordanian Women?

“…Furthermore, infections represent a significant contributor to BC development [7,8]. Approximately 16% of human cancers are attributed to infections, including oncogenic viruses like human papillomavirus (HPV), which is implicated in cervical and oropharyngeal cancers [9,10], viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which weaken the host immune responses [11], and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), which induce chronic inflammation and tissue damage [12].…”

Awareness and knowledge of physicians and residents on the non-sexual routes of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and their perspectives on anti-HPV vaccination in Jordan

“…This study argued against the implementation of population HPV testing and vaccination based on the low prevalence of cervical cancers in the country [ 26 ]. In 2020, the prevalence of HPV infection in Jordan was reported as 4% among women attending the Gynecology Clinic at Prince Hamza Hospital (Amman, Jordan) with HPV-16 being the most common subtype (43%) [ 27 ].…”