Field study of soil compaction due to traffic in northern France: pore space and morphological analysis of the compacted zones

Richard, Guy; Boizard, Hubert; Roger-Estrade, Jean; Boiffin, Jean; Guerif, Jérôme

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(99)00058-6

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Spatial variability of soil cone penetrometer resistance is significantly affected by machine traffic, which generates compacted soil volumes located under the wheel tracks (Richard et al, 1999) and, therefore, generally causes heterogeneity of soil physical properties (Castrignanò et al, 2002a(Castrignanò et al, , 2003. As the traffic effect is spatially variable, it is necessary to carry out geo-referenced soil cone penetrometer resistance measurements, in order to describe the spatial variation of soil compaction and its evolution over time as a consequence of successive machine passes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of penetrometer resistance in relation to tractor traffic using multivariate geostatistics

et al. 2007

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The traffic of agricultural machines can cause soil compaction and high variability of soil structure, both along normal lines and along those parallel to the field plane. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of an electronic penetrometer, a GPS, a GIS and geostatistical techniques for mapping soil compaction.In July 2003 soil cone penetrometer resistance was measured using a semi-automatic electronic penetrometer in a sandy-silt soil (Vertic Xerochrept) of inland Sicily where a three-year rotation wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)-wheat-tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was practiced. The measurements were carried out along three parallel 3-m long transects, from the soil surface to a depth of 0.70 m.A multivariate geostatistical approach, including exploratory analysis, variography, stochastic simulation and post-processing of simulations, was applied to produce thematic maps of penetrometer resistance and probability exceeding a critical value, in correspondence of a different number of tractor passes. Penetrometer resistance variation resulted erratic at the surface but showed high spatial correlation between data measured at different depths. The probabilistic maps of compaction risk showed that the soil volume, exceeding the penetrometer resistance of 2.5 MPa, critical for root growth, at the probability level of p N 0.40 increased from 20% to 40% after five tractor passes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of penetrometer resistance in relation to tractor traffic using multivariate geostatistics

et al. 2007

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“…For instance, soil compaction caused by tractors increased soil resistance to penetration (raPer, 2005;GaBriel Filho et al, 2007), which spatial variability has been previously observed (usowiCz and liPieC, 2009). The level of soil compaction caused by traffic increases with soil water content (riChard et al, 1999), thus it is important to consider this relation in order to diminish this problem. Soil penetration resistances higher than 2 MPa might cause difficulty for the establishment of crops (silva et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spatial variability of soil penetration resistance influenced by season of sampling

et al. 2010

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The aim of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution of soil compaction and the influence of soil water content on the resistance to penetration. The latter variable was described by the cone index. The soil at the study site was a Nitisol and the cone index data were obtained using a penetrometer. Soil resistance was assessed at 5 different depths, i.e. 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm and deeper than 40 cm, whereas soil water content was measured at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Soil water conditions varied during the different samplings. Coefficients of variation for cone index ranged from 16.5% to 45.8% while those for soil water content varied from 8.96% to 21.38%. Results suggested a high correlation between soil resistance, as assessed by the cone index, and soil depth. However, the expected relation with soil water content was not observed. Spatial dependence was observed in 31 out of 35 data series, both cone index and soil water content. This structure was fitted to exponential models with nugget effect varying from 0 to 90% of the sill value. Four of the data series showed a random behaviour. Inverse distance technique was used in order to map the distribution of the variables when no spatial structure was observed. Ordinary kriging showed a smoothing of the maps compared to those from inverse distance weighing. Indicator kriging was used to map the cone index spatial distribution for recommendation of further soil management. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analizar a distribuição espacial da compactação do solo e a influência da umidade do solo na resistência à penetração. Esta última variável foi descrita pelo índice de cone. O solo estudado foi Nitossolo e os dados de índice de cone foram obtidos usando um penetrômetro. A resistência do solo foi avaliada a 5 profundidades diferentes, 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm e mais de 40 cm, porém o conteúdo de umidade do solo foi medido a 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm. As condições hídricas do solo variaram nas diferentes amostragems. Os coeficientes de variação para o índice de cone foram 16,5% a 45,8% e os do conteúdo de umidade do solo variaram entre 8,96% e 21,38%. Os resultados sugeriram elevada correlação entre a resistência do solo, estimada pelo índice de cone e a profundidade do solo. Sem embargo, a relação esperada com a umidade do solo não foi apreciada. Observouse dependência espacial em 31 de 35 séries de dados de índice de cone e umidade do solo. Esta dependência foi ajustada por modelos exponenciais com efeito pepita variável de 0 a 90% o valor do patamar. Em séries de dados o comportamento foi aleatório. Portanto, a técnica das distâncias inversas foi utilizada para cartografar a distribuição das variáveis que não tiveram estrutura espacial. Na krigagem constatou-se uma suavização dos mapas comparados com esses das distâncias inversas. A krigagem indicadora foi utilizada para cartografar a variabilidade espacial do índice de cone e recomendar melhor manejo do solo.Palavras-chave: índice de cone, krigagem indicadora, compactação do sol...

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“…Essa altera a estrutura que é o atributo físico do solo mais importante (Corrêa, 2002), e conseqüentemente a geometria e distribuição de poros por tamanho (Richard et al, 1999;Bouwman e Arts, 2000), modificando o comportamento físico-hídrico e a condutividade de água no solo, em maior ou menor grau conforme o nível de compactação (Richard et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito da compactação do solo na estabilidade de agregados e no conteúdo gravimétrico de água

et al. 2005

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RESUMO.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da compactação do solo na estabilidade de agregados e no conteúdo gravimétrico de água. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas (seis níveis de compactação x profundidades), com duas repetições. Os tratamentos de compactação foram: T 0 = 0; T 1* = 1; T 1 = 1; T 2 = 2; T 4 = 4 e T 6 = 6 passadas de um trator de 11.000 kg. No T 1* , realizou-se a compactação quando o solo estava mais seco. Foram coletadas amostras para determinação da retenção de água, da densidade do solo, do conteúdo de água no campo e da estabilidade de agregados. O solo compactado apresentou menor estabilidade dos agregados e menor conteúdo de água retida em tensões menores do que 0,01 MPa. O conteúdo gravimétrico de água do solo, no campo, não diferiu entre os níveis de compactação.Palavras-chave: tráfego de máquina, estrutura do solo, umidade.ABSTRACT. Effect of soil compaction in aggregate stability and gravimetric water content. The objective was to evaluate the effect of soil compaction in aggregate stability and in gravimetric water content. The experimental delineation was entirely randomized with subdivided plots (six levels of compaction x depths) with two replications. The compaction treatments were: T 0 = 0, T 1* = 1, T 1 = 1, T 2 = 2, T 4 = 4 and T 6 = 6 passed of an 11000 kg tractor. In T 1* compaction was carry out when the soil was dry. Samples were collected for determination of water retention, bulk density, gravimetric water content and for aggregate stability. The compacted soil presented smaller aggregate stability and smaller water content retained in tension < 0.01 MPa. Gravimetric soil water content in the field did not differ between compaction levels.

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Field study of soil compaction due to traffic in northern France: pore space and morphological analysis of the compacted zones

Cited by 81 publications

References 14 publications

Mapping of penetrometer resistance in relation to tractor traffic using multivariate geostatistics

Mapping of penetrometer resistance in relation to tractor traffic using multivariate geostatistics

Spatial variability of soil penetration resistance influenced by season of sampling

Efeito da compactação do solo na estabilidade de agregados e no conteúdo gravimétrico de água

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