Field Study of Dairy Cows with Reduced Appetite in Early Lactation: Clinical Examinations, Blood and Rumen Fluid Analyses

Abstract

-The study included 125 cows with reduced appetite and with clinical signs interpreted by the owner as indicating bovine ketosis 6 to 75 days postpartum. Almost all of the cows were given concentrates 2 to 3 times daily. With a practitioners view to treatment and prophylaxis the cows were divided into 5 diagnostic groups on the basis of thorough clinical examination, milk ketotest, decreased protozoal activity and concentrations, increased methylene blue reduction time, and increased liver parameters: ketosis (n=32), indigestion (n=26), combined ketosis and indigestion (n=29), liver disease combined with ketosis, indigestion, or both (n=15), and no specific diagnosis (n=17). Three cows with traumatic reticuloperitonitis and 3 with abomasal displacement were not grouped. Nonparametric methods were used when groups were compared. Aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin were elevated in the group with liver disease. Free fatty acids were significantly elevated in cows with ketosis, compared with cows with indigestion. Activity and concentrations of large and small protozoas were reduced, and methylene blue reduction time was increased in cows with indigestion. The rumen fluid pH was the same for groups of cows with and without indigestion. Prolonged reduced appetite before examination could have led to misclassification. Without careful interpretation of the milk ketotest, many cases with additional diagnoses would have been reported as primary ketosis. Thorough clinical examination together with feasible rumen fluid examination and economically reasonable blood biochemistry did not uncover the reason(s) for reduced appetite in 14% of the cows. More powerful diagnostic methods are needed. bovine ketosis; indigestion; rumen acidosis; dairy cattle.

Evaluation of renal and hepatic functions in cattle with subclinical and clinical ketosis

“…This decrease is somewhat slighter in secondary ketosis cases. In many cases of secondary ketosis it was reported that the glucose concentration was above or within normal limits (21). The glucose levels were normal in the healthy cattle included in the present study; however, those values decreased significantly in the cattle with subclinical and clinical ketosis, and the differences between them were significant (P < 0.001).…”

Efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de cáscara de naranja (Citrus sinensis L) sobre algunos parámetros metabólicos en vacas de leche

“…Se sabe que la concentración de glucosa sérica disminuye al comenzar la lactancia por efecto del balance energético negativo debido al inicio de la producción láctea y al menor consumo de alimento (Steen, 2001). En el presente estudio, no obstante, las vacas presentaron valores de glucosa dentro de lo esperado, que según Campos et al (2007) son de 2.9 nmol/l en Holstein, 3.2 nmol/l en Jersey y 2.6 nmol/l en Simmental.…”

“…La alta actividad del aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) y de la gamma glutamiltransferasa (GGT), se asocian con el síndrome de hígado graso, disminución del apetito o cetosis en lactancia temprana (Steen, 2001;Stojeviae et al, 2005). Todos los animales de este estudio presentaron concentraciones aumentadas de AST y ALT respecto a los valores normales (Villa et al, 1999;Campos et al, 2007;Issi et al, 2016); sin embargo, no se observaron signos de enfermedad.…”

Preservation Solutions for Solid Organ Transplantation

“…Dextran (40 kDa), the most widely investigated replacement, reduces vascular resistance in machine perfusion systems, when compared with HES, from a combination of reduced viscosity and anti-thrombogenesis [94,95]. These characteristics are particularly beneficial for vascular endothelial preservation and were the impetus behind it's inclusion in Perfadex [96,97].…”

“…Prostaglandin E 1 is a baseline constituent of Perfadex with evidence to suggest that it improves both distribution of preservation solution during cooling and ventilation/ perfusion matching at implantation [120,121]. Nitric oxide donors (sodium nitroprusside, glycerol tri-nitrate) have been added to certain preservation solutions in an attempt to prevent "no-reflow" and appear to have certain benefits in organs rich in endothelial tissue such as the liver and lung [97,116]: the potential for generation of peroxynitrite radicals being a theoretical complication.…”