Field Studies of Thrips tabaci Lind. With Especial Reference to Resistance in onions

Jones, Howard A.; Bailey, Stanley F.; Emsweller, S. L.

doi:10.1093/jee/28.4.678

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Although our studies identiÞed useful germplasm for HPR in onions to T. tabaci, and suggest a strong link between color and resistance, more detailed behavioral studies are needed, so that breeding for HPR can be advanced more quickly. Some studies have suggested that T. tabaci avoids onion leaves with light green color (Jones et al 1935, Coudriet et al 1979). In the current study, only cultivars that were resistant to T. tabaci had a visual yellow-green color and these observations were corroborated with Hunter b values measured on 46 onion cultivars, where the b values on the resistant cultivars were among the 15 highest values, which indicates a stronger yellow color on them compared with the other cultivars (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Onion Cultivars for Resistance to Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Iris Yellow Spot Virus

Diaz-Montano

Fuchs

Nault

et al. 2010

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Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a worldwide pest of onion, Allium cepa L., can reduce onion yield by > 50% and be even more problematic when it transmits Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). Because T. tabaci is difficult to control with insecticides and other strategies, field studies on onion, Allium cepa L., resistance to T. tabaci and IYSV were conducted in 2007 and 2008 in two locations in New York state. Forty-nine cultivars were evaluated for resistance by counting the number of larvae weekly and recording leaf damage. In another experiment, the impact of T. tabaci and IYSV on plant growth and yield was examined by spraying half of the plants with an insecticide. Eleven of the 49 cultivars had very little leaf damage and were considered resistant to T. tabaci. Visual assessment indicated that all resistant cultivars had yellow-green- colored foliage, whereas the other 38 had blue-green- colored foliage. The visual assessment of color agreed with data on color taken with a HunterLab Ultra Scan XE colorimeter. The onions 'Colorado 6' and 'NMSU 03-52-1' had the lowest numbers of T. tabaci, suggesting strong antibiosis and/or antixenosis. The other nine cultivars had variable numbers of T. tabaci, indicating a possible combination of categories of resistance. In the nonprotected treatments there were significant reductions in plant height and plant weight in most of the resistant cultivars, but there were reductions in bulb weight only in a few of them. The average of plants infected with IYSV was 10% in 2007 and 60% in 2008. Our findings indicate potential for developing onion resistance to T. tabaci as part of an overall integrated pest management strategy but suggest difficulties in identifying resistance to IYSV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies on onion resistance to T. tabaci and IYSV have been conducted. Jones et al (1935) compared T. tabaci populations on 46 onion cultivars. All cultivars tested had signiÞcantly higher numbers of T. tabaci than the resistant variety ÔWhite PersianÕ, which has thick, light green leaves and an open type of canopy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Onion Cultivars for Resistance to Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Iris Yellow Spot Virus

Diaz-Montano

Fuchs

Nault

et al. 2010

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“…When leaves were tied together artiÞcially, T. tabaci populations increased on White Persian, suggesting the architecture of the plants was important. Jones et al (1935) compared T. tabaci populations on 44 onion cultivars with White Persian. All cultivars tested had signiÞcantly higher numbers of T. tabaci than the resistant cultivar, which has thick, light green leaves and an open type of canopy.…”

Section: Management Of T Tabaci In Onionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Global Pest of Increasing Concern in Onion

Diaz-Montano

Fuchs

Nault³

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

152

132

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During the past two decades, onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has become a global pest of increasing concern in commercial onion (Allium cepa L.), because of its development of resistance to insecticides, ability to transmit plant pathogens, and frequency of producing more generations at high temperatures. T. tabaci feeds directly on leaves, causing blotches and premature senescence as well as distorted and undersized bulbs. T. tabaci can cause yield loss Ͼ50% but can be even more problematic when it transmits Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). IYSV was identiÞed in 1981 in Brazil and has spread to many important onion-producing regions of the world, including several U.S. states. IYSV symptoms include straw-colored, dry, tan, spindle-or diamond-shaped lesions on the leaves and scapes of onion plants and can cause yield loss up to 100%. Here, we review the biology and ecology of T. tabaci and discuss current management strategies based on chemical, biological, and cultural control as well as host resistance. Future directions for research in integrated pest management are examined and discussed.RESUMEN En las ultimas dos dé cadas, el trips de la cebolla, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), se ha convertido en una plaga mundial de alto interé s en cebolla, Allium cepa L., debido a su desarrollo de resistencia a insecticidas, capacidad para transmitir pató genos en plantas, y producció n de mayor numero de generaciones a altas temperaturas. T. tabaci se alimenta directamente sobre las hojas causando manchas, senescencia prematura, asṍ como bulbos pequeñ os y desformados. T. tabaci puede causar perdidas en rendimiento mayores al 50%, pero esta plaga puede ser aun más problemática cuando transmite Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). IYSV fue identiÞcado en Brasil en 1981 y desde entonces se ha propagado a importantes regiones productoras de cebolla a nivel mundial, incluyendo diferentes estados en los Estados Unidos. Los sṍntomas del IYSV incluye lesiones secas en forma angular o de diamante, de color café claro en las hojas y tallos de la cebolla y puede producir hasta 100% de perdidas en rendimiento. En este articulo nosotros revisamos la biologṍa y ecologṍa de T. tabaci y presentamos los actuales mé todos de manejo basados en control quṍmico, bioló gico y cultural asṍ como el mé todo de resistencia de plantas a insectos. Las direcciones futuras para investigació n en manejo integrado de esta plaga son analizadas. KEY WORDS Thrips tabaci, Allium cepa, Iris yellow spot virus, managementOnion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has been the subject of considerable research and extension publications since it was Þrst described in 1888 (Lindeman 1889). Some aspects of its biology, ecology, and management have been summarized in T. LewisÕ highly regarded 1997 book, Thrips as Crop Pests, but a considerable amount of detail important for its management on onion (Allium cepa L.)...

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“…Moreover, the use of resistant cultivars could reduce the application of insecticides. Since the 1930s, studies on onion resistance to T. tabaci have been conducted and resistance has been associated with bulb color (Verma 1966, Lall and Singh 1968, Brar et al 1993) and leaf structure and color (Jones et al 1934(Jones et al , 1935Coudriet et al 1979;Pawar et al 1987;Patil et al 1988;Loges et al 2004a,b;Hudák and Pé nzes 2004;Diaz-Montano et al 2010). Despite these efforts on onion resistance to T. tabaci, we are not aware of any studies regarding the mechanisms or categories of resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There are three categories that characterize host plant resistance to insects: antibiosis, which adversely affects the biology of the insect; antixenosis or non preference, in which the plant is a poor host for the insect and the insect does not feed, lay eggs, or Þnd shelter on it, and; tolerance, the ability of a plant to withstand or recover from insect feeding (Painter 1951, Smith 2005. Jones et al (1935) compared T. tabaci populations on 44 onion cultivars and found that the resistant variety ÔWhite Persian,Õ which has light green leaves, had signiÞcantly lower numbers of T. tabaci than all others. Diaz-Montano et al (2010) screened 49 onion varieties and found 11 onion cultivars that were considered resistant to T. tabaci because they had very little leaf damage as well as lower populations of T. tabaci larvae compared with susceptible cultivars.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Resistance, Evaluation of the Attractiveness of Plant Odors, and Effect of Leaf Color on Different Onion Cultivars to Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

et al. 2012

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Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a worldwide pest of onion, Allium cepa L. In field studies on onion resistance conducted in 2007 and 2008 using 49 cultivars, 11 showed low leaf damage by T. tabaci. In laboratory studies, the 11 cultivars, along with two susceptible checks and four additional cultivars, were evaluated to characterize resistance to T. tabaci and to determine if color and/or light reflectance were associated with resistance to T tabaci. No-choice tests were performed with adults and the numbers of eggs and larvae were counted on each cultivar after three and 10 d, respectively. In choice tests in which all cultivars were planted together in a circle in a single pot, 100 adults were released and the number of adults on each plant was evaluated 24 h later. The behavioral response of walking T. tabaci adults to plant odors was studied in a glass Y-tube olfactometer. The reflectance spectrum of leaves was measured using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Results indicate that resistant cultivars showed an intermediate-high antibiotic effect to T. tabaci and all of them showed a very strong antixenotic effect. There were no significant preferences in the response of walking T. tabaci adults to plant odors. The two susceptible cultivars had the highest values of leaf reflectance for the first (275-375 nm) and second (310-410 nm) theoretical photopigment-system of T. tabaci, and these values were significantly different from most resistant cultivars. These results suggest a strong response of T. tabaci to onion cultivars with higher reflectance in the ultraviolet range (270-400 nm). Overall, these results appear promising in helping to identify categories of resistance to T. tabaci in onions that can be used in breeding programs.

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Field Studies of Thrips tabaci Lind. With Especial Reference to Resistance in onions

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Onion Cultivars for Resistance to Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Iris Yellow Spot Virus

Evaluation of Onion Cultivars for Resistance to Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Iris Yellow Spot Virus

Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Global Pest of Increasing Concern in Onion

Characterization of Resistance, Evaluation of the Attractiveness of Plant Odors, and Effect of Leaf Color on Different Onion Cultivars to Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

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