Field research on the performance of a rice husk envelope in a subsurface drainage system (case study Behshahr, Iran)

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of subsurface drainage and a rice husk envelope in Behshahr, a coastal region in the northern part of Iran. The subsurface drainage system was monitored in the rainfall seasons of 2006 and 2007 (22 November to 19 March). Various parameters such as daily groundwater table fluctuations and drain discharge rate were measured. To evaluate the drainage envelope, the gradation curve, bulk density and natural durability of rice husk and also the head loss of the groundwater table in the vicinity of the drain were measured. The large difference between the approach-flow head and entrance-flow head could be related to clogging of the external part of the rice husk envelope. The overall conclusion of this study was that subsurface drainage system performance was not satisfactory due to poor control of groundwater table depth, which could be related to clogging of the rice husk drain envelope. Hooghoudt's equation is not recommended to be used for evaluation of design parameters in this case. The basic uncertainty in application of a rice husk envelope was its durability, which was found to be very variable and depended on soil environmental conditions.

Modeling paddy field subsurface drainage using HYDRUS-2D

“…Japanese advisors had carried out the subsurface drainage Fig. 1 Water flow pattern toward a pipe drain in an ordinary field and a paddy field Paddy Water Environ in a one-hectare paddy field using rice husk as envelope in Mazandaran, a northern province of Iran for the first time in 1994 (Ebrahimian et al 2011). The performance of subsurface drainage with rice husk envelope in the studied paddy field was satisfactory.…”

Katı Atık Emisyonlarının Azaltılmasında Ömrünü Tamamlamış Araç Lastiklerinin Toprakaltı Drenaj Sistemlerinde Zarf Malzemesi Olarak Kullanım Olanaklarının Araştırılması

“…Birçok araştırmacı farklı zarf malzemelerinin toprakaltı drenajda kullanımına ilişkin filtreleme işlevi, hidrolik işlev, mekanik işlev ve yataklama işlevinin sağlanabileceğini bildirmişlerdir (Becer, 1984;Shafiq-ur-Rehman, 1995;Anapalı ve Hanay, 1996;Rathod et al, 2006;Bal, 2007;Kamble et al, 2008;Ağar, 2011;Ebrahimian et al, 2011;Pedram et al, 2011;Kumar et al, 2013).…”

Qualitative evaluation of organic envelopes on subsurface drainage performance*

“…The basic uncertainty in application of a rice husk envelope is its durability, which is very variable and depends on soil environmental conditions (Ebrahimian et al, 2011).…”