The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of organic matter such as rice husk and palm-leaf stalk as envelopes in drainage pipes. For this purpose, to simulate field conditions in vitro, we used a physical model consisting of a plexiglass cylinder with a height of 200 mm and diameter of 100 mm, with five holes attached to the manometers and an inlet at the bottommost part and an outlet at the topmost part with a water tank which provided a fixed head. Experiments were carried out with five types of organic matter (i.e. rice husk, three types of powder and palm-leaf fibres) on Ramshir agricultural soil which required envelopes according to existing standards. The results showed that among the envelopes utilized, the highest outflow (discharge) rate was related to powder No. 3 (the most coarse-grained powder) in a gradient of 0.5. By increasing the gradient to 2, envelope hydraulic fracturing was observed, which means that it was unable to retain soil particles with finally an inadequate filtering function for this organic material. In gradient 2, the highest output discharge was related to palm stalk and leaf fibres, which is reflected in the proper hydraulic performance of this envelope and its high filtering properties. Finally, comparing the value of the gradient ratio in the higher gradients confirmed the results.
Clogging in subsurface drain envelopes is one of the main issues in drainage systems; changing drainpipes needs a large amount of money and can decrease the profitability of the system, so in this study we tried to select the best envelope according to clogging. This study was conducted to evaluate comparatively the performance of three synthetic envelopes (A, B, C) manufactured in Iran by using a physical permeameter model in the laboratory. The selected envelopes were of PP450 synthetic type. Experiments were performed to examine the changes in drain discharge and hydraulic conductivity of the soil–envelope of each permeameter in each of the three envelopes during a period of 2000 h. Experimental results indicated that at a constant water head, reduction of drain discharge was associated with reduction of hydraulic conductivity of the soil–envelope over time. It was due to the movement of soil particles within the envelopes for each discharge until it reached a constant value or the soil–envelope equilibrium. Comparison of results for the applied envelopes showed that envelope A had a better performance than the other two. Envelope A also had 28% higher drainage coefficient than envelope B and 58% higher drainage coefficient than envelope C, so this property can increase drain distances and save costs. The total hydraulic conductivity of envelope A is 6.5 and 5% higher than those of C and B envelopes, respectively. By comparing envelopes B and C we can see that envelope B presented a better function.
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