Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Liquid-Filled Photonic Crystal Fiber

In this review paper some recent advances on optical sensors based on photonic crystal fibres are reported. The different strategies successfully applied in order to obtain feasible and reliable monitoring systems in several application fields, including medicine, biology, environment sustainability, communications systems are highlighted. Emphasis is given to the exploitation of integrated systems and/or single elements based on photonic crystal fibers employing Bragg gratings (FBGs), long period gratings (LPGs), interferometers, plasmon propagation, off-set spliced fibers, evanescent field and hollow core geometries. Examples of recent optical fiber sensors for the measurement of strain, temperature, displacement, air flow, pressure, liquid-level, magnetic field, and hydrocarbon detection are briefly described.

Section: Coated Pcf Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances on Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors and Applications

Portosi

Laneve

Falconi

et al. 2019

“…This configuration has intrinsically a short temperature range of operation, but it is characterized by high sensitivity and eliminates the need for spectrum analyzers [136]. PCF temperature sensors have also been demonstrated in more elaborate setups, such as a highly-birefringent, alcohol-infiltrated PCF in loop configuration characterized by a sensitivity of 6.6 nm/°C or a PBF fully-infiltrated with toluene, which was used as both a filter and sensor head in an erbium-doped fiber-amplifier laser with S=1.747 nm/°C [155].…”

Section: Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications

Algorri

Zografopoulos

Tapetado

et al. 2018

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are a special class of optical fibers with a periodic arrangement of microstructured holes located in the fiber’s cladding. Light confinement is achieved by means of either index-guiding, or the photonic bandgap effect in a low-index core. Ever since PCFs were first demonstrated in 1995, their special characteristics, such as potentially high birefringence, very small or high nonlinearity, low propagation losses, and controllable dispersion parameters, have rendered them unique for many applications, such as sensors, high-power pulse transmission, and biomedical studies. When the holes of PCFs are filled with solids, liquids or gases, unprecedented opportunities for applications emerge. These include, but are not limited in, supercontinuum generation, propulsion of atoms through a hollow fiber core, fiber-loaded Bose–Einstein condensates, as well as enhanced sensing and measurement devices. For this reason, infiltrated PCF have been the focus of intensive research in recent years. In this review, the fundamentals and fabrication of PCF infiltrated with different materials are discussed. In addition, potential applications of infiltrated PCF sensors are reviewed, identifying the challenges and limitations to scale up and commercialize this novel technology.

“…Then in 2017, Yang et al [ 28 ] presented a temperature sensor based on a fiber ring laser embedded with liquid-filled photonic crystal fiber (PCF). To fabricate the sensing head, they infiltrated some high refractive index (RI) liquid into an index-guiding PCF, which was also used to generate band gap-like effect and used as the laser filter simultaneously.…”

Section: Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Qualities of different measurement parameters have been summarized in this article among different structure of sensing head. For example, the highest sensitivities of temperature sensing of MZI-based sensors, FPI-based sensors and Sagnac-based sensors are −1.747 nm/°C [ 28 ], 0.249 nm/°C [ 56 ], 1.739 nm/°C [ 62 ], respectively; the highest sensitivities of strain sensing among MZI-based sensors, and FBG-based sensors are 0.148 nm/με [ 38 ], 0.81 pm/με [ 68 ]. From the temperature sensitivity among different sensors, it can be seen that the MZI-based sensor and the Sagnac-based sensor can be designed to gain an extremely high sensitivity.…”

Section: Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Fiber Ring Laser Demodulation Technology

Xie

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

A review for optical fiber sensors based on fiber ring laser (FRL) demodulation technology is presented. The review focuses on the principles, main structures, and the sensing performances of different kinds of optical fiber sensors based on FRLs. First of all, the theory background of the sensors has been discussed. Secondly, four different types of sensors are described and compared, which includes Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) typed sensors, Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) typed sensors, Sagnac typed sensors, and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) typed sensors. Typical studies and main properties of each type of sensors are presented. Thirdly, a comparison of different types of sensors are made. Finally, the existing problems and future research directions are pointed out and analyzed.