Few-nanometer-wide carbon toroids in the hydrocarbon films deposited in tokamak T-10

Kukushkin, A. B.; Neverov, V.S.; Marusov, N.L.; Semenov, I.; Kolbasov, B.N.; Voloshinov, Vladimir V.; Afanasiev, Alexander; Tarasov, A.S.; Stankevich, V. G.; Svechnikov, N. Yu.; Велигжанин, А. А.; Zubavichus, Ya. V.; Чернозатонский, Л. А.

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.036

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This enabled us to recover the structural content of carbon nanostructures of various topology and size in these films. To solve the problem [5] we developed the following software and methods: (i) software package XaNSoNS (X-ray and Neutron Scattering on Nanoscale Structures) for calculating the diffraction patterns of the ensembles of nanostructures, (ii) method [6] of an approximate description of positions of carbon atoms in a curved graphene sheet, (iii) optimization procedure and the respective webservices [7] created in the Mathcloud distributed environment [8] for fitting the experimental x-ray and/or neutron diffraction patterns with a set of numerically simulated ones. In this work we use the tools of items (i) and (iii).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A part of the outlined method (namely, identification of structural content in the case of "manual" packing of structural blocks, without rigid-body dynamics simulation of packing for various parameters of packing) has been used in the interpretation [5] of measurements of the synchrotron XRD by hydrocarbon films deposited in the vacuum vessel of tokamak T-10 in Kurchatov Institute. This enabled us to recover the structural content of carbon nanostructures of various topology and size in these films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method for diffraction-based identification of amorphous sp 2 carbon materials

Neverov

Borisova

Kukushkin

et al. 2015

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for diffraction-based identification of amorphous sp 2 carbon materials

Neverov

Borisova

Kukushkin

et al. 2015

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…The seamless toroidal nanotubes having diameters ranging from 300 to 500 nm and rope diameters over 5-15 nm were first found while examining single-walled carbon nanotubes by scanning force and transmission electron microscopy [7]. Later, they were formed from a variety of different experimental methods including laser growth [7], organic reactions [8], chemical vapor deposition [9] and depositing hydrocarbon films in tokamak T-10 [10]. In addition, they can be theoretically constructed from a model that connects together several smaller carbon nanotube segments, perhaps involving different bend angles in order to complete the closed ring of the carbon nanotori [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Geometry, Construction and Modelling for Carbon Nanotori

2019

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After the discovery of circular formations of single walled carbon nanotubes called fullerene crop circles, their structure has become one of the most researched amongst carbon nanostructures due to their particular interesting physical properties. Several experiments and simulations have been conducted to understand these intriguing objects, including their formation and their hidden characteristics. It is scientifically conceivable that these crop circles, nowadays referred to as carbon nanotori, can be formed by experimentally bending carbon nanotubes into ring shaped structures or by connecting several sections of carbon nanotubes. Toroidal carbon nanotubes are likely to have many applications, especially in electricity and magnetism. In this review, geometry, construction, modelling and possible applications are discussed and the existing known analytical expressions, as obtained from the Lennard-Jones potential and the continuum approximation, for their interaction energies with other nanostructures are summarised.

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“…Настоящая работа посвящена развитию расчётно-теоретической модели [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] для интерпретации результатов рентгеновской и нейтронной дифрактометрии углеродных наноматериалов, получаемых в электрических разрядах, в том числе в установках управляемого термоядерного синтеза. Как и ранее, разработанная методика применяется в интерпретации данных рентгеновской дифрактометрии углеводородных плёнок, осаждённых внутри вакуумной камеры токамака Т-10, проведённой на синхротронном источнике в НИЦ «Курчатовский институт».…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influence of Molecular Clustering on the Interpretation of Diffractograms of Hydrocarbon Films From Tokamak Т-10

Neverov¹,

Voloshinov²,

Kukushkin³

et al. 2014

PAST-TF

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Проведён численный анализ влияния кластеризации молекул на ранее предложенную интерпретацию результатов дифрактометрии углеводородных плёнок, образованных внутри вакуумной камеры токамака Т-10. Моделирование кластеризации простых углеводородных молекул C(D, H) 4 , C 2 (D, H) 4 , C 6 (D, H) 6 и молекул на основе искривлённого графена (фуллерены и тороидальные нанотрубки) проведено методами молекулярной динамики с жёсткими фрагментами. Показано, что ранее неучтённые корреляции атомов С-С, С-D(H) в аморфном углеводородном компоненте снижают расчётные значения интенсивности рассеяния в диапазоне значений модуля вектора рассеяния 5 < q < 20 нм -1 за счёт гомогенизации рассеивающей среды на масштабах ~1 нм. Учёт таких корреляций не влияет на дифрактограммы при q > 20 нм -1 . Результаты указывают на необходимость введения в процедуру определения структурного состава плёнок, аналогичных таковым из токамака Т-10, кластеров, образованных налипанием Ван-дер-Ваальса углеводородных молекул на «графеновые» наночастицы. Это упростит задачу математической оптимизации до прежнего уровня сложности, но уже на расширенном ансамбле объектов и позволит рассчитывать дифрактограммы этих объектов на распределённых вычислительных ресурсах. Предложен модифицированный алгоритм идентификации структурного состава по результатам совместной рентгеновской и нейтронной дифрактометрии.Ключевые слова: численное моделирование, оптимизационные методы, углеродные наноструктуры, рентгеновская дифракция, пылевые осадки, токамак.The influence of molecule clustering on the formerly suggested interpretation of diffraction patterns of hydrocarbon films, formed in the vacuum vessel of tokamak T-10, is analyzed numerically. The modeling of clustering of simple hydrocarbon molecules C(D, H) 4 , C 2 (D, H) 4 , C 6 (D, H) 6 and molecules composed of a curved graphene (fullerenes and toroidal nanotubes) is carried out with Rigid Body Molecular Dynamics method. It is shown that formerly neglected atomic correlations С-С, С-D(H) in the amorphous hydrocarbon component decrease the calculated values of the scattered intensity in the range of scattering vector modulus 5 < q < 20 nm -1 because of homogenization of scatters on the spatial scale of ~1 nm. The allowance for these correlations does not change the diffraction patterns in the range q > 20 nm -1 . The results suggest the necessity to introduce to the procedure of determining the structural content of the films, similar to those from tokamak T-10, the clusters formed by the Van der Waals adhesion of hydrocarbon molecules to "graphene" nanoparticles. This simplifies the mathematical optimization to the former level of complexitybut for an extended ensemble of objectsand enables one to calculate the diffraction patterns of these objects using the distributed computing resources. A modified algorithm of structural content identification on the basis of a joint x-ray and neutron diffractometry is suggested.

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Few-nanometer-wide carbon toroids in the hydrocarbon films deposited in tokamak T-10

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

A method for diffraction-based identification of amorphous sp 2 carbon materials

A method for diffraction-based identification of amorphous sp 2 carbon materials

A Review of Geometry, Construction and Modelling for Carbon Nanotori

Influence of Molecular Clustering on the Interpretation of Diffractograms of Hydrocarbon Films From Tokamak Т-10

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