Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Understanding the Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Supporting Students

Green, Jennifer H.

doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00178.x

Cited by 85 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(54 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite the evidence of a significant association between alcohol exposure in utero and psychiatric risk, experience suggests that exposure, and even FAS, are infrequently identified by mental health practitioners as relevant factors. This omission is unfortunate due to the observations of treatment resistance to medications and psychosocial therapies, as well as the frequent need for specialized educational services in this population [Streissguth and Kantor, 1997;Streissguth and O'Malley 2000;Green, 2007;Kalberg and Buckley, 2007].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure

O’Connor¹,

Paley²

2009

Dev Disabil Res Revs

162

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the identification of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) over 35 years ago, mounting evidence about the impact of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has prompted increased attention to the link between prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and a constellation of developmental disabilities that are characterized by physical, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. These disabilities include a continuum of developmental disorders known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Longitudinal studies suggest that individuals with FASDs are at a greatly increased risk for adverse long-term outcomes, including mental health problems and poor social adjustment. This review summarizes the existing literature on mental health outcomes for individuals with PAE across the lifespan, including findings in infancy and early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence and early adulthood. Research on the psychiatric disabilities suffered by individuals with FASDs throughout development highlights the need for training of mental health professionals in the identification and the provision of specific treatments to address the unique features of this developmental disability since early identification and treatment have been demonstrated to be protective against more serious secondary disabilities. It is hoped that with greater awareness of the mental health problems experienced by individuals with FASDs, these individuals can receive appropriate and early treatment resulting in more adaptive and rewarding lives.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure

O’Connor¹,

Paley²

2009

Dev Disabil Res Revs

162

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Green [2007] has similarly emphasized the importance of classroom environments that facilitate children's ability to regulate their behaviors and emotions and the need for teachers and parents to be attentive to aspects of the child's environment that may interfere with their ability to learn. Aspects of the classroom environment that may facilitate learning in individuals with FASDs include minimal visual and auditory distractions, clearly designated activity centers, use of daily schedules that are easily visible, clearly organized materials, and visual highlighting of important aspects of a task or activity [Kalberg and Buckley, 2007].…”

Section: Classroom Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An emphasis on certain teaching strategies may help facilitate learning in individuals with FASDs [Watson and Westby, 2003;Green, 2007;Kalberg and Buckley, 2007;Laugeson et al, 2007]. Examples of such teaching strategies include (1) implementing consistent and predictable routines, such as scheduling activities or tasks in the same order every day; (2) providing numerous opportunities for behavioral rehearsal and practice, since children with FASDs require much more practice to acquire a skill than nonexposed children; (3) making contingencies explicit (e.g., if you do X, then Y will happen), which may help compensate for the difficulties these children have understanding cause and effect relationships and anticipating consequences of behavior; (4) breaking down verbal instructions into small steps to address receptive language problems and executive functioning impairments and aid in comprehension and performance of multistep tasks; and (5) using visual cues and aids to accompany verbal instructions.…”

Section: Teaching Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such education may have a multitude of benefits. Because FASDs are not always wellunderstood by family members, behavior problems may sometimes be viewed as reflective of poor motivation, an absence of empathy, or as willful defiance rather than as a function of the individual's neurocognitive impairments [Green, 2007;Olson et al, 2007;Scott and Dewane, 2007]. Clarifying for parents or caregivers that such behaviors are often secondary to alcohol-related brain damage may help them respond to their children in a more supportive and patient manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intervention for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Treatment approaches and case management

Paley¹,

O’Connor²

2009

Dev Disabil Res Revs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to alcohol in utero is considered to be the leading cause of developmental disabilities of known etiology. The most severe consequence of such exposure, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), is characterized by a distinct constellation of characteristic facial anomalies, growth retardation, and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Some individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) do not meet the full criteria for FAS, but instead are diagnosed with partial FAS, alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), or alcohol related birth defects (ARBD). The entire continuum of effects from PAE is increasingly being referred to under the umbrella term of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). An extensive body of research has documented major cognitive, behavioral, adaptive, social, and emotional impairments among individuals with FASDs. Although FAS was identified in the U.S. over 35 years ago, the development, evaluation, and dissemination of evidencebased interventions for individuals with FASDs have lagged behind significantly. Encouragingly, however, in recent years there has been a marked increase in efforts to design and test interventions to remediate the impairments associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. This article will review treatment needs and considerations for individuals with FASDs and their families, current empirically tested treatment approaches, case management issues, and suggestions for future directions in research on the treatment of FASDs. ' 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 200915:258-267.

show abstract

“…These social skill deficits may become more pronounced with age (Thomas, Kelly, Mattson, & Riley, 1998;Whaley, O'Connor, & Gunderson, 2001). In particular, individuals with FASD may also misinterpret social cues (Green, 2007), which can alter their perception of a social situation, which can alter the self-concept of an adolescent with PAE and the way in which others perceive them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Functioning, Social Skills, Mental Health, and Personal Strengths among Adolescents with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (PAE)

Mariasine¹,

Pei²,

Poth³

et al. 2014

IJPS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three key areas of dysfunction reported as having a significant impact on how adolescents with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (PAE) navigate their teen years and work towards independence are: mental health, social skills, and adaptive functioning. However, little is known about how adolescents with PAE perceive their own functioning relative to others, and what they and others see as potential strengths on which they may build. Participants included 32 adolescents (17 male, 15 female); 31% had confirmed prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) and the remaining 69% had a diagnosis of a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Adolescents and their caregivers completed the following measures: ABAS-2 (adaptive skills), SSIS (social skills), BASC-2 (mental health functioning), and BERS-2 (personal strengths). Overall, caregivers rated adolescents as having significantly more difficulties across all measures assessed when compared to the adolescents. The only area of agreement between caregiver and adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol was on career strength. The knowledge gained from the results of this exploratory study can help adolescents with PAE better understand themselves and help researchers to better characterize this population.

show abstract

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Understanding the Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Supporting Students

Cited by 85 publications

References 32 publications

Psychiatric conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure

Psychiatric conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure

Intervention for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Treatment approaches and case management

Adaptive Functioning, Social Skills, Mental Health, and Personal Strengths among Adolescents with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (PAE)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About