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Findings suggest that the age of onset and duration of parent-reported SDB symptoms prior to age 2 have adverse consequences for overall behavior problems.

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Three key areas of dysfunction reported as having a significant impact on how adolescents with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (PAE) navigate their teen years and work towards independence are: mental health, social skills, and adaptive functioning. However, little is known about how adolescents with PAE perceive their own functioning relative to others, and what they and others see as potential strengths on which they may build. Participants included 32 adolescents (17 male, 15 female); 31% had confirmed prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) and the remaining 69% had a diagnosis of a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Adolescents and their caregivers completed the following measures: ABAS-2 (adaptive skills), SSIS (social skills), BASC-2 (mental health functioning), and BERS-2 (personal strengths). Overall, caregivers rated adolescents as having significantly more difficulties across all measures assessed when compared to the adolescents. The only area of agreement between caregiver and adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol was on career strength. The knowledge gained from the results of this exploratory study can help adolescents with PAE better understand themselves and help researchers to better characterize this population.