Fermentative microbial digestion in herbivorous fishes

Rimmer, DW; Wiebe, W. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05228.x

Cited by 120 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Anaerobic microbiota have been previously observed in other herbivorous fishes and are common for non-piscine marine herbivores (e.g. Wolin 1979, Bjorndal 1980, Murray 1981, Rimmer & Wiebe 1987). An anaerobic microflora could facilitate digestion of complex plant polymers (Anderson 1987), providing the host fish with useful metabolic intermediates, including SCFA, amino acids, vitamins or other required nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Sieburth observed that penguins ingested krill which fed on the DMSP-containing phytoplanton Phaeocystis pouchetii, and concluded that the aerobic microflora of the guts of these penguins were much reduced due to the 'bioconcentration of DMSP' that led to elevated levels of ACR. On the other hand, herbivorous marine turtles and some fishes are known to have a gut in which an active microbial fermentation occurs (Bjorndal 1980, Rimmer & Wiebe 1987; in fact, the largest known prokaryote has been isolated from the intestine of a herbivorous acanthurid (Clements & Bullivant 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbivory by reef fishes and the production of dimethyl sulfide and acrylic acid

Dacey¹,

King²,

Lobel³

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The content of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in selected marine reef macrophytes was examined and related to levels of DMSP and one of its decomposition products, dimethylsulfide (DMS), in guts of herbivorous fish. Concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and acrylic acid (ACR), another decomposition product of DMSP, were also measured in gut contents. The fatty acid data provide evidence for bacterial fermentation within fish intestines. Unlike previous observations of gut microflora, the concentrations of ACR in these guts did not support a role for ACR as an inhibitor of the gut microflora. DMSP also appears to concentrate in the tissues of certain fish, but not in others. These results illustrate the complex trophic interactions which determine the dynamics of DMSP in the marine food web.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivory by reef fishes and the production of dimethyl sulfide and acrylic acid

Dacey¹,

King²,

Lobel³

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The bacteria entering along with the diet of fish during ingestion may adapt themselves in the gastrointestinal tract and form a symbiotic association. Within the digestive tract of fish large numbers of microbes are present (Trust et al 1979, Rimmer and Wiebe 1987, Clements 1991, Luczkovich and Stellwag 1993, Ringø and Strom 1994, Clements and Choat 1995, which is much higher than in the surrounding water indicating that the digestive tracts of fish provide favourable ecological niches for these organisms (Trust and Sparrow 1974, Horsley 1977, Austin and AlZahrani 1988, Sakata 1990). However, the gastrointestinal microflora of fish appears to be simpler than those of endotherms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of enzyme-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish

Mondal¹,

Roy²,

Sen³

et al. 2008

Acta Icth et Piscat

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Mondal S., Roy T., Sen S.K., Ray A.K. 2008. Distribution of enzyme-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 38 (1): 1-8.Background. The information on gut microflora in fish is scanty and there is a paucity of knowledge regarding microbial enzyme activity in fish gastrointestinal tracts. Although some information is available on the enzymeproducing bacteria in fish digestive tracts, almost nothing is known about their distribution in different regions of the gut. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the distribution of enzyme-producing microflora in the foregut and hindgut regions of seven culturable freshwater teleosts. Materials and Methods. Isolation and enumeration of aerobic bacterial flora in the foregut and hindgut regions of the gastrointestinal tracts of seven freshwater teleosts of different feeding habits, namely rohu, Labeo rohita; catla, Catla catla; mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala; bata, Labeo bata; orange-fin labeo, Labeo calbasu; Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; and climbing perch, Anabas testudineus, have been carried out. Microbial culture of the gut mucosa on selected nutrient media, following the enrichment culture technique, was done for bacterial isolation. Bacterial isolates were qualitatively screened on the basis of their extracellular enzyme-producing ability. The selected strains were further quantitatively assayed for amylase, cellulase and protease activities.Results. In general, bacterial population was lower in the foregut region of all the seven species of fish examined. Amylolytic strains were present in higher densities in the foregut region of orange-fin labeo and bata (12.20 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue and 11.50 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue, respectively) in comparison to the hindgut region. The cellulolytic population exhibited maximum densities in the hindgut region of bata (7.20 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue) followed by the foregut region of the same fish (5.50 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue). Amylolytic and cellulolytic bacterial flora was not detected in both the fore and hindgut regions of climbing perch. Proteolytic bacterial flora was found in all the species of fish studied and the maximum count was observed in the hindgut region of bata (13.40 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue), orange-fin labeo (9.00 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue), Nile tilapia (8.30 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue) and climbing perch (7.20 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue). Minimum count of proteolytic bacterial flora was observed in the foregut region of all the fishes studied. Peak amylase and cellulase activities were exhibited by bacterial strains isolated from the foregut of orange-fin labeo (266.43 ± 0.15 U) and the hindgut of bata (64.01 ± 0.42 U), respectively. Maximum protease activity was exhibited by a strain isolated from the hindgut region of orange-fin labeo (44.33 ± 0.09 U), followed by the strains isolated from the hindgut regions of climbing perch (32.87 ± 0.12 U), bata (29.71 ± 0.11 U), and Nile tilapia (29.46 ± 0.11 U). C...

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“…Another factor that may increase the feeding efficiency is the production of volatile fatty acids (acetate and propionate) derived from the insoluble fiber fermentation present in yeast diets, which may increase the energy availability (Rimmer & Wiebe, 1987;Smith et al, 1996). It was not possible to state that in this study that those substances were used in the digestive process of pacu, since there was no clear determination of the production of these compound, nor the quantification of the nonamilaceous carbohydrates present in the ingredients and in the diets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of yeast and its by-products on pacu juveniles feeding

2010

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-This study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of two levels (2.5 e 5.0%) of dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its by-products, disrupted yeast cells and yeast cell wall in diets for juveniles of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus).Production performance, body and plasmatic composition indexes were evaluated. Seven isoproteic (26% digestible protein) and isoenergetic (3.100 kcal digestible energy) diets were formulated containing increased levels of each ingredient. The diets were supplied for 86 days, "ad libitum". Yeast and by-products increase feed efficiency and protein use, when compared to the control diet. Carcass composition and plasmatic (glucose, cortisol, uric acid, urea and plasmatic protein) levels are not affected by the test ingredient supplementation.Key Words: Piaractus mesopotamicus, pre-biotic, production performance, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yeast by-products Níveis de levedura e derivados na dieta de juvenis de pacuRESUMO -Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de dois níveis (2,5 e 5,0%) de levedura íntegra desidratada (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) e seus derivados, autolisado e parede celular, em dietas para juvenis de pacu (11,98 g e 8,5 cm). Foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo, a composição corporal e os parâmetros plasmáticos de juvenis de pacu. Utilizaram-se sete dietas isoproteicas (26% de proteína digestível por kg de ração) e isoenergéticas (3.100 kcal de energia digestível por kg de ração), cada uma com um nível de cada ingrediente-teste e mais uma dieta controle (sem adição de levedura). A suplementação da levedura e de derivados realizada durante 86 dias melhorou a eficiência alimentar e a utilização proteica pelos juvenis de pacu em comparação à dieta sem adição desses ingredientes.A composição de carcaça e os níveis plasmáticos (ureia, ácido úrico, proteína, cortisol e glicose) não são afetados pela suplementação dos ingredientes-teste.Palavras-chave: derivados de levedura, desempenho produtivo, Piaractus mesopotamicus, prebiótico, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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Fermentative microbial digestion in herbivorous fishes

Cited by 120 publications

References 14 publications

Herbivory by reef fishes and the production of dimethyl sulfide and acrylic acid

Herbivory by reef fishes and the production of dimethyl sulfide and acrylic acid

Distribution of enzyme-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish

Levels of yeast and its by-products on pacu juveniles feeding

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