Fermentation and methanogenic characteristics of leafy biomass feedstocks in a solid phase biogas fermentor

Chanakya, H. N.; Venkatsubramaniyam, R; Modak, Jayant M.

doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(97)00139-9

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…SSB digesters designed for large fraction soft leaf feedstock (paper mulberry) require longer SRT such that the active methanogenic bed height is adequate to decompose the VFA during its downward passage. It is seen that 75% decomposition took 35 d. Here the rates of decomposition are as reported before (Chanakya et al 1997(Chanakya et al , 1999 however, it is important to ensure that TS to gas conversion efficiency is improved. Just as in the case of mixed fruit waste the quantity of compost generated is expected to be low.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Resource recovery potential from secondary components of segregated municipal solid wastes

Chanakya

Ramachandra

Vijayachamundeeswari

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Fermentable components of municipal solid wastes (MSW) such as fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW), leaf litter, paddy straw, cane bagasse, cane trash and paper are generated in large quantities at various pockets of the city. These form potential feedstocks for decentralized biogas plants to be operated in the vicinity. We characterized the fermentation potential of six of the above MSW fractions for their suitability to be converted to biogas and anaerobic compost using the solid-state stratified bed (SSB) process in a laboratory study. FVW and leaf litter (paper mulberry leaves) decomposed almost completely while paddy straw, sugarcane trash, sugarcane bagasse and photocopying paper decomposed to a lower extent. In the SSB process between 50-60% of the biological methane potential (BMP) could be realized. Observations revealed that the SSB process needs to be adapted differently for each of the feedstocks to obtain a higher gas recovery. Bagasse produced the largest fraction of anaerobic compost (fermentation residue) and has the potential for reuse in many ways.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Today it has been increasingly found in and around fruit stalls. Paddy straw is a bulky material with a low packing density (Chanakya et al 1997) has large particle size and has a medium level of lignocellulosics. Zhang and Zhang (1999) studied the anaerobic phased solids digester system for the conversion of rice straw to biogas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource recovery potential from secondary components of segregated municipal solid wastes

Chanakya

Ramachandra

Vijayachamundeeswari

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Some factors that can affect the process include the following (Chanakya, 1997): The pH of the substrate must be within the range of 6.8-7.2. This is because the ideal pH for the microbes utilized during the hydrolysis stage is 5-7 and methanogens are most efficient at a pH of 7-8.…”

Section: Anaerobic Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Environmental Analysis of Farm-Scale Biodigesters to Produce Energy for Kitchen Stove Use

Bartlett¹,

Olivares²,

Yang³

et al. 2014

2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting

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Developing countries throughout the world currently fuel kitchen stoves for cooking by burning wood which is responsible for many health and environmental problems. Producing fuel for cooking via anaerobic digestion is a very ecofriendly and resourceful solution that is being explored. To determine the sustainability of anaerobic digestion throughout these regions, multiple biodigester designs were tested under conditions specific to various third-world countries; the countries tested were Nicaragua, Bolivia, Nigeria, India and Indonesia. Factors to be considered included the use of local biomass resources and building materials. Determining the fueling efficiency of anaerobic digestion in comparison to burning wood consisted of evaluating the production costs and environmental impacts. This was accomplished utilizing technoeconomic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA). TEA results indicated that tube digesters are the most cost effective method of anaerobic digestion in all countries tested; tube digestion at a family scale ranged from approximately $0.24 per meal to $0.73 per meal. The LCA showed that operation of anaerobic digestion required much more water than previously considered which may cause it to not be a sustainable method. However, it did emit a much lower amount of carbon dioxide than burning wood. The CO 2 emissions per meal ranged from 0.97 kg per meal to 1.29 kg per meal. The water impacts ranged from 76 L/ meal to 100 L/meal. Comparing the two fueling methods proved that anaerobic digestion was a more economically and environmentally effective process. Abstract. Developing countries throughout the world currently fuel kitchen stoves for cooking by burning wood which is responsible for many health and environmental problems. Producing fuel for cooking via anaerobic digestion is a very ecofriendly and resourceful solution that is being explored. To determine the sustainability of anaerobic digestion throughout these regions, multiple biodigester designs were tested under conditions specific to various third-world countries; the countries tested were Nicaragua, Bolivia, Nigeria, India and Indonesia. Factors to be considered included the use of local biomass resources and building materials. Determining the fueling efficiency of anaerobic digestion in comparison to burning wood consisted of evaluating the production costs and environmental impacts. This was accomplished utilizing techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA). TEA results indicated that tube digesters are the most cost effective method of anaerobic digestion in all countries tested; tube digestion at a family scale ranged from approximately $0.24 per meal to $0.73 per meal. The LCA showed that operation of anaerobic digestion required much more water than previously considered which may cause it to not be a sustainable method. However, it did emit a much lower amount of carbon dioxide than burning wood. The CO 2 emissions per meal ranged from 0.97 kg per meal to 1.29 kg per meal. The water impacts...

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“…To that effect, a series of strategies and political initiatives have been built to support research and for the generation and utilization of this type of energy, which have favored programs of sustainable development in that country. Within this context, the anaerobic digestion has acquired projection also (Naidu, 1996;Chanakya et al, 1997). The concern with issues related to the generation of renewable energy and environmental protection is global.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a conscientization process is developing toward people becoming familiar with techniques that will allow the rational use of energy, as well as seeking alternate sources to replace petroleum, both for energy production, raw materials and input for industrial plants. In this respect, digesters have played a very important role (Hall, 1997;Groscurth et al, 2000;Chanakya et al, 1997;Martinot, 2001;Naidu, 1996;Sinton et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical tool to size rural digesters

Florentino

2003

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Anaerobic digesters have been highlighted due to the current energy crisis and its consequent search for alternative energy sources, allied to the intense process of livestock farming and agriculture modernization, which besides demanding a lot of energy, produces a great amount of crop and animal residues, most of the times generating sanitary problems. The aim of this work is to provide a mathematical tool to establish parameters for projects of construction of rural digesters, considering the response to energy demand, the suitability of the dimensions of the systems, yield factors and the guarantee of functionality. Non-linear optimization models, of easy resolution, for the three main types of rural digesters were formulated in this way. With the resolution of these models one can determine the height and the diameter that lead to a minimum volume for each type, so reducing the necessary amount of masonry and, consequently, diminishing the cost. Key words: mathematical model, optimization, parameters for designing FERRAMENTA MATEMÁTICA PARA AUXÍLIO NO DIMENSIONAMENTO DE BIODIGESTORES RURAISRESUMO: Os biodigestores têm sido objetos de grande destaque devido a atual crise de energia e conseqüente busca de fontes alternativas. Outro fator que coloca os biodigestores em evidência é o intenso processo de modernização da agropecuária, que além da grande demanda de energia, produz um volume de resíduos animais e de culturas, que ocasiona muitas vezes problemas de ordem sanitária. O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer uma ferramenta matemática para determinação de parâmetros para projetos de construção de biodigestores rurais, levando-se em consideração o atendimento de necessidades energéticas, obedecendo os dimensionamentos dos sistemas, fatores de rendimento e garantindo a funcionalidade. Para isto, foram formulados modelos de otimização não lineares, de fácil resolução, para os três principais tipos de biodigestores rurais. Com a resolução destes modelos são determinados a altura e o diâmetro que levem a um volume mínimo para cada tipo, com isto reduz-se a quantidade necessária de materiais de alvenaria e consequentemente o custo do biodigestor é diminuído. Palavras-chave: modelo matemático, otimização, parâmetros de projeto

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Fermentation and methanogenic characteristics of leafy biomass feedstocks in a solid phase biogas fermentor

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Resource recovery potential from secondary components of segregated municipal solid wastes

Resource recovery potential from secondary components of segregated municipal solid wastes

Economic and Environmental Analysis of Farm-Scale Biodigesters to Produce Energy for Kitchen Stove Use

Mathematical tool to size rural digesters

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