The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202202382.the stored excitation energy in energy traps, which can be released by thermal stimulation. [2] Obviously, the process is very different from the real-time excited fluorescence (FL). Usually, the excitation source can be X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), and visible (Vis) light, and there is no need for continuous external light irradiation, while the PL may locate in UV, Vis, or near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions. [3] Especially, Vis emissions are easy to be modulated for colorful light, and NIR emissions in the biological window (≈650-1800 nm) offer deep tissue penetration and prevented autofluorescence. [3a,4] According to the outstanding luminescent properties, enormous opportunities in diverse application fields have been discovered, mainly including long-lasting tumor optical imaging and therapy, [5] security and anti-counterfeiting, [6] optical information and data storage, [7] photocatalysis, [8] fingerprint recognition, [6c] analysis and sensing, [1c,4a,9] as well as the potential applications of synaptic plasticity [10] and light-emitting diodes. [11] Retrieved from Web of Science, > 6800 articles by tracing the themes "afterglow" or "persistent luminescence" or "longlasting luminescence" have been published during the last decade (i.e., ≈2012-2022). Diverse categories of persistent luminescent materials have been developed, such as organic materials, [12] carbon dots, [13] metal-organic frameworks, [14] doped inorganic crystals et al. [2,15] Among them, organic afterglow materials, usually named as organic room temperature phosphorescence materials have recently drawn extensive attention due to the advantage of sustainable resources, low cost, and safety. [16] Based on the composition, organic afterglow materials can be mainly divided into organic small molecules, polymers, and organic-inorganic hybrids, which are normally related to the radiative transition from the lowest excited triplet state (T 1 ) to the ground state (S 0 ). Thus, methods for enhancing the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate are reasonable for realizing highly efficient afterglow, such as introducing heavy atoms, paramagnetic molecules, aromatic carbonyls, heteroatoms, and crystal engineering. [17] Recently, organic room-temperature phosphorescence with a high quantum yield above 56% and long afterglow lifetime longer than 22 s has been achieved by using suitable inorganic framework. [18] Additionally, color-tunable
Piezocatalytic therapy is a new-emerging reactive oxygen species (ROS)-enabled therapeutic strategy that relies on built-in electric field and energy-band bending of piezoelectric materials activated by ultrasound (US) irradiation. Despite becoming a hot topic, material development and mechanism exploration are still underway. Herein, as-synthesized oxygen-vacancy-rich BiO 2−x nanosheets (NSs) demonstrate outstanding piezoelectric properties. Under US, a piezo-potential of 0.25 V for BiO 2−x NSs is sufficient to tilt the conduction band to be more negative than the redox potentials of O 2 / • O 2 − , • O 2 − /H 2 O 2 , and H 2 O 2 / • OH, which initiates a cascade reaction for ROS generation. Moreover, the BiO 2−x NSs exhibit peroxidase and oxidase-like activities to augment ROS production, especially in the H 2 O 2 -overexpressed tumor microenvironment. Density functional theory calculations show that the generated oxygen vacancies in BiO 2−x NSs are favorable for H 2 O 2 adsorption and increasing the carrier density to produce ROS. Furthermore, the quick movement of electrons enables an excellent sonothermal effect, for example, rapid rise in temperature to nearly 65 °C upon US with low power (1.2 W cm −2 ) and short time (96 s). Therefore, this system realizes a multimode synergistic combination of piezocatalytic, enzymatic, and sonothermal therapies, providing a new direction for defect engineering-optimized piezoelectric materials for tumor therapy.
Vitiligo is a chronic treatment-resistant autoimmune disorder characterized by circumscribed depigmented maculae. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib combined with narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy for refractory nonsegmental vitiligo. Fifteen patients with nonsegmental vitiligo resistant to conventional therapies were administered oral tofacitinib at 5 mg twice daily plus topical halometasone cream, tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, or pimecrolimus cream twice daily and NB-UVB three times per week for 16 weeks. The control group comprised 19 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo treated with topical drugs plus NB-UVB same as the combination group. Treatment efficacy was measured by the percentage of repigmentation of vitiligo lesions at 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th week after beginning treatment. From 8th week, the repigmentation level was significantly higher in the combination group than in the controls. From fourth week, the response rate was significantly higher in the combination group than in the controls. Only one patient in the combination group reported mild pain in the hand and foot joints, but the pain subsided with cessation of therapy. No other severe adverse effects occurred. So, tofacitinib in combination with NB-UVB phototherapy may be an effective and safe alternative modality for refractory vitiligo.
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