Femicídios: narrativas de crimes de gênero

Abstract

Femicídios são mortes violentas de mulheres, decorrentes do exercício de poder entre homens e mulheres. Este é um estudo qualitativo que utilizou a ferramenta das narrativas para analisar inquéritos policiais de homicídios femininos em Porto Alegre nos anos de 2006 a 2010. Foram estudados 92 inquéritos da Delegacia de Homicídios de Porto Alegre, dos quais selecionamos seis casos considerados representativos de: femicídio íntimo; femicídio com abuso sexual; morte por execução ou conexão, e femicídio de profissional do sexo. Observou-se a presença de crimes de gênero caracterizados pela crueldade, semelhantes aos encontrados em regiões de elevada violência e misoginia. O trabalho procura visibilizar os femicídios como crimes de natureza política, e objetiva denunciar essas mortes evitáveis, cujas vítimas são, em sua maioria, mulheres: jovens, negras, profissionais do sexo e moradoras de territórios marcados pelo tráfico e pela pobreza.

Homicídios de mulheres nas distintas regiões brasileiras nos últimos 35 anos: análise do efeito da idade-período e coorte de nascimento

“…However, there has been a growth in the number of deaths occurring in public roads, since many partners or former partners are aware of their victim's routine and may attack her as she leaves home, work or educational activities. Furthermore, in places where women are extremely socially vulnerable, they can be killed due to drug trafficking 6,12 , often in the form of revenge killings which also constitutes a type of femicide 6 .…”

“…It is thought that this method does not overestimate the occurrence of femicide, given this is compensated by the problems that exist in relation to under-reporting and the high number of deaths registered as events of undetermined intent, especially in the poorer regions of the country 6,13,15,17,18 . In addition, SIM/Datasus data were also extracted regarding the means used to commit homicide, according to geographic region and place of death.…”

“…According to WHO, violence against women is a public health concern 4 and may occur in the form of psychological, sexual, physical, economic and patrimonial violence, potentially culminating in murder, the maximum expression of gender-based violence against women, also known as femicide 5,6 .…”

“…It was coined as a legal and political term, in order to conceptualize all instances in which unequal power relations between men and women result in the death of one or more women [6][7][8] . According to Meneghel et al 6 , female homicides across a wide-range of situations can be described as femicide: deaths perpetrated by intimate partners, serial crimes, sexual violence followed by death and revenge killings, especially where there is high socio-economic inequality or in places controlled by organized crime.…”

“…However, an increase in this type of violence is observed in places where a patriarchal culture remains in place and where the State is negligent [6][7][8] . Within this context, it is possible to observe differences in the types of femicides committed: in the United States and the United Kingdom femicide is mainly perpetrated by partners or former partners [9][10][11] , whereas in Mexico it is strongly associated with drug trafficking and structural violence 12 .…”