Female homicide in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Leites, Gabriela Tomedi; Meneghel, Stela Nazareth; Hirakata, Vania Noemi

doi:10.1590/1809-4503201400030006

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The positive association between demographic density and homicide has been previously demonstrated in this country 25 26 ; however, other studies did not report this association. 27–29 In our study, mesoregions with high HDI values, such as the Metropolitan, North Central and West, were involved in the HH clusters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Regional disparities in the intimate partner sexual violence rate against women in Paraná State, Brazil, 2009-2014: an ecological study

Fontes

Alarcão

Nihei³

et al. 2018

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveEvaluate disparities in a Brazilian state by conducting an analysis to determine whether socioeconomic status was associated with the reported intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) rates against women.DesignA retrospective, ecological study.SettingsData retrieved from the Notifiable Diseases Information System database of the Ministry of Health of Brazil.ParticipantsAll cases of IPSV (n=516) against women aged 15–49 years reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2009 and 2014.Outcome measuresThe data were evaluated through an exploratory analysis of spatial data.ResultsWe identified a positive spatial self-correlation in the IPSV rate (0.7105, P≤0.001). Five high–high-type clusters were identified, predominantly in the Metropolitan, West, South Central, Southwest, Southeast and North Central mesoregions, with only one cluster identified in the North Pioneer mesoregion. Our findings also indicated that the associations between the IPSV rate and socioeconomic predictors (women with higher education, civil registry of legal separations, economically active women, demographic density and average female income) were significantly spatially non-stationary; thus, the regression coefficients verified that certain variables in the model were associated with the IPSV rate in some regions of the state. In addition, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model improved the understanding of the associations between socioeconomic indicators and the IPSV notification rate, showing a better adjustment than the ordinary least square (OLS) model (OLS vs GWR model: R2: 0.95 vs 0.99; Akaike information criterion: 4117.90 vs 3550.61; Moran’s I: 0.0905 vs −0.0273, respectively).ConclusionsIPSV against women was heterogeneous in the state of Paraná. The GWR model showed a better fit and enabled the analysis of the distribution of each indicator in the state, which demonstrated the utility of this model for the study of IPSV dynamics and the indication of local determinants of IPSV notification rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Regional disparities in the intimate partner sexual violence rate against women in Paraná State, Brazil, 2009-2014: an ecological study

Fontes

Alarcão

Nihei³

et al. 2018

BMJ Open

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“…Between 2000 and 2009, homicide rates for white men were 10 times higher than for white women, whereas for black men it were three times higher than for black women 30 . Lifestyle, habits and social behavior, urbanization, and socioeconomic level can socially determine differences in homicide rates 17,36,40,65 .…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Homicides and socio-environmental determinants of health in Brazil: a systematic literature review

2018

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Brazil currently has the highest absolute number of homicides in the world, which results from a complex range of factors. This study aimed at understanding the associations between socio-environmental determinants of health (SDH) and homicides in Brazil through a systematic literature review. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, selecting quantitative and qualitative studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish carried out between 2002 and 2017, available in the PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and BVS-BIREME databases. Two trilingual reviewers tracked studies independently by basing on the eligibility criteria. We critically assessed the selected studies with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) or the Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies, depending on the study design. We considered 60 studies and grouped their SDH into categories to develop a narrative synthesis about each SDH. These categories were: territory; race/ethnicity; gender; age; social inequalities and economic factors; development; education; work and employment; drugs and trafficking; other SDH. We found some SDH were more associated with homicides, such as being young, black, male, of low education level, and also people who lived in places of high social inequality, such as urban suburbs and agricultural frontiers. Unemployment and drug trafficking, as well as intersections between various SDH were also prominent. Education seems to be a protective factor for homicide. Despite the limited capacity of interpretation due to the high range of methodological approaches, this review shows the importance of considering SDH and their intersections when developing homicide prevention policies.

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“…Work in the global south has invoked structural violence to understand historical trauma, 12 poverty, and gender inequality. [13][14][15] Much of this work is qualitative, often based on semi-structured interviews. Structural violence, in this tradition, is a framework to help contextualize and make sense of a study's findings.…”

Section: Use Of "Structural Violence" In Health Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“As Natural as the Air Around Us”: On the Origin and Development of the Concept of Structural Violence in Health Research

Maio

Ansell

2018

Int J Health Serv

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This article examines the concept of "structural violence." Originating in the work of Johan Galtung in 1969 and popularized by Paul Farmer, structural violence is increasingly invoked in health literature. It is a complex concept - rich in its explanatory potential but vague in its operational definition and arguably limited in its theoretical precision. Its potential lies in the focus it gives to the deep structural roots of health inequities; in contrast to the more passive term "social determinants of health," structural violence explicitly identifies social, economic, and political systems as the causes of the causes of poor health. It is also evocative in its framing of health inequities as an act of violence. Yet the formulation of structure used in this literature is largely atheoretical and, by extension, apolitical. Development of the concept hinges on clarifying the precise aspects of structure it points to (perhaps through using the concept in conjunction with larger theoretical frameworks) as well as improving operational definitions to enable its use in quantitative social epidemiology. We argue that the concept of structural violence can provide a useful lens for understanding health inequities, but its full potential is only realized when combined with larger theoretical frameworks.

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Female homicide in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Regional disparities in the intimate partner sexual violence rate against women in Paraná State, Brazil, 2009-2014: an ecological study

Regional disparities in the intimate partner sexual violence rate against women in Paraná State, Brazil, 2009-2014: an ecological study

Homicides and socio-environmental determinants of health in Brazil: a systematic literature review

“As Natural as the Air Around Us”: On the Origin and Development of the Concept of Structural Violence in Health Research

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