Nurse managers, in addition to developing technical skills, need to develop skills to manage human relationships to prevent bullying and turnover among nurses.
Objective: To conduct a geospatial analysis of suicide deaths among young people in the state of Paraná , southern Brazil, and evaluate their association with socioeconomic and spatial determinants. Methods: Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Data on suicide mortality rates (SMR) were extracted for three age groups (15-19, 20-24, and 25-29 years) from two 5-year periods (1998-2002 and 2008-2012). Geospatial data were analyzed through exploratory spatial data analysis. We applied Bayesian networks algorithms to explore the network structure of the socioeconomic predictors of SMR. Results: We observed spatial dependency in SMR in both periods, revealing geospatial clusters of high SMR. Our results show that socioeconomic deprivation at the municipality level was an important determinant of suicide in the youth population in Paraná , and significantly influenced the formation of high-risk SMR clusters. Conclusion: While youth suicide is multifactorial, there are predictable geospatial and sociodemographic factors associated with high SMR among municipalities in Paraná. Suicide among youth aged 15-29 occurs in geographic clusters which are associated with socioeconomic deprivation. Rural settings with poor infrastructure and development also correlate with increased SMR clusters.
ObjectiveEvaluate disparities in a Brazilian state by conducting an analysis to determine whether socioeconomic status was associated with the reported intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) rates against women.DesignA retrospective, ecological study.SettingsData retrieved from the Notifiable Diseases Information System database of the Ministry of Health of Brazil.ParticipantsAll cases of IPSV (n=516) against women aged 15–49 years reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2009 and 2014.Outcome measuresThe data were evaluated through an exploratory analysis of spatial data.ResultsWe identified a positive spatial self-correlation in the IPSV rate (0.7105, P≤0.001). Five high–high-type clusters were identified, predominantly in the Metropolitan, West, South Central, Southwest, Southeast and North Central mesoregions, with only one cluster identified in the North Pioneer mesoregion. Our findings also indicated that the associations between the IPSV rate and socioeconomic predictors (women with higher education, civil registry of legal separations, economically active women, demographic density and average female income) were significantly spatially non-stationary; thus, the regression coefficients verified that certain variables in the model were associated with the IPSV rate in some regions of the state. In addition, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model improved the understanding of the associations between socioeconomic indicators and the IPSV notification rate, showing a better adjustment than the ordinary least square (OLS) model (OLS vs GWR model: R2: 0.95 vs 0.99; Akaike information criterion: 4117.90 vs 3550.61; Moran’s I: 0.0905 vs −0.0273, respectively).ConclusionsIPSV against women was heterogeneous in the state of Paraná. The GWR model showed a better fit and enabled the analysis of the distribution of each indicator in the state, which demonstrated the utility of this model for the study of IPSV dynamics and the indication of local determinants of IPSV notification rates.
This study permitted a better understanding of the factors associated with bullying; however, a research based on samples of Brazilian nurses is only the first step to evaluate other factors of influence related to the organizational context.
This is an Integrative Literature Review that aims to analyze productions on moral harassment in nursing published in journals in Brazil and abroad. Articles from 1999 to 2009 were researched in online databases, comprising a sample of 18 publications. After careful reading seven thematic categories were built: evaluation of the moral harassment; behaviors of moral harassment on the part of male nurses; consequences of the moral harassment; coping strategies adopted by nurses; moral harassment in nursing as race and gender discrimination; moral harassment among nursing professionals; institutions as propagators of moral harassment. Results confirm the presence of moral harassment in nursing. However, they indicate that these professionals have been accepting and reproducing this kind of violence as part of the organizational culture, thus showing a need to educate this population and the health institutions themselves about moral harassment and its damages.
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